countries around the world are experiencing an ever-increasing need to make choices in investments in health and healthcare. this makes it incumbent upon them to have formal processes in place to optimize the legitimacy of eventual decisions. there is now growing experience among countries of the implementation of stakeholder participation, and a developing convergence of methods to support dec...

Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) possess complex socio-cognitive skills, and sows show high inter-individual variability in maternal behaviour. To evaluate how females—reared under natural conditions—react to the isolation calls of their own piglets or those other females, we conducted observations experimental trials. In January–February 2021, all-occurrences sampling on affiliation, aggression, lac...

this research was conducted at the shahrood agricultural research center in 1382 and 1383 to study the effect of alternate furrow irrigation on potato yield and its economic evaluation. the experimental design was a randomize complete block design and the treatments were: every furrow irrigation (efi), fixed alternate furrow irrigation (fafi), variable alternate furrow irrigation (vafi), fixed ...