Writing tasks are one way students can apply science concepts, yet evaluating students’ writing can be difficult in large classes. With the web-based Calibrated Peer Review* (CPR) system, students submit written work and evaluate each other. Students write a response to a prompt, read and evaluate responses prepared by the curriculum developers, and receive feedback on their evaluations, allowi...

The best management of infected fluid collections depends on a careful assessment of clinical and anatomic factors as well as an up-to-date review of the published literature, to be able to select from a host of multidisciplinary treatment options. This article reviews conservative, radiologic, endoscopic, and surgical options and their best application to infected fluid collections as determin...

Disagreement among experts is a central topic in social epistemology. What should an expert do when confronted with the different opinion of an epistemic peer? Possible answers include the steadfast view (holding to one’s belief), the abstemious view (suspending one’s judgment), and moderate conciliatory views, which specify criteria for belief change when a peer’s different opinion is encounte...

BACKGROUND Aggressive nonmelanomatous skin cancer (NMSC) of the head and neck presents an increasingly common therapeutic challenge for which prospective clinical trials are lacking. METHODS The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline...

There are more than 15 million college students in the US alone. Academic advising for courses and scholarships is typically performed by human advisors, bringing an immense managerial workload to faculty members, as well as other staff at universities. This paper reports and discusses the development of two educational expert systems at a private international university. The first expert syst...

These consensus guidelines on adjuvant radiotherapy for early-stage endometrial cancer were developed from an expert panel convened by the American College of Radiology. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria® are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision i...

BACKGROUND Controversy exists as to the criteria for selecting patients with carcinoma of the tonsil for treatment with ipsilateral radiotherapy (RT). METHODS The American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review in...

BACKGROUND Controversy surrounds the appropriate therapy for T1 glottic cancer. Both transoral endolaryngeal resection and radiation offer excellent local control and voice quality; some lesions are best addressed with resection and others with radiation. METHODS The American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions tha...

BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents mostly with locally advanced disease and is treated with multimodal therapy; however, consensus is lacking for different clinical scenarios. METHODS The American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria® are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert pane...