the main condition for the realization of prophethood is the infallibility (ismah) of the chosen person; this idea is considered necessary in the viewpoint of the holy quran too. in proving the infallibility of prophets, in addition to rational (‘qli) reasons, narrative (naqli) reasons are also used. the subsequent matter in the field of infallibility is investigating the view of religious teac...

experiment-based report of imam ali (peace upon him) to be knowing god lead to revoke the out goings and opening the shuttings is a new way in theology. encountering the commentators of nahj-al-balaghah with this narration is the current / present research’s matter. they define and comprise their common and different status in understanding imam ali’s (peace be upon him) speeches. they analize ...

Using biodiversity management within New Zealand's agricultural landscape as a case study, we apply ‘boundary science’ approaches to overcome two persistent deficiencies in environmental decision-making: ‘evidence disparity’, the discrepancy between evidence desired and generated, complacency’, where is not sought or used, out of date, incomplete biased. Specifically, assess how recent innovati...

Are lean production and globalization the necessary conditions for future success of car industry firms, as affirm numerous commentators and experts, or is it possible to discern several paths possible? To answer this question, it would be fitting to look back upon the history of automobile firms since the beginning of the 1970s. Lean production was not the only successful production system. Ac...

Online communities provide a social sphere for people to share information and knowledge. While information sharing is becoming a ubiquitous online phenomenon, how to ensure information quality or induce quality content, however, remains a challenge due to the anonymity of commentators. This paper introduces moderation into reputation systems. We show that moderation directly impacts strategic ...

The Ethics Task Force of the EAPC has done a significant job in forwarding the discussion of the relationship between palliative care and euthanasia, as the wealth of international commentary on the document surely illustrates. The position paper is commendably succinct and, in some respects, unambiguous in the views defended. Notably, the document abjures discussion of anything other than volu...