The EPA uses an exposure assessment model to estimate daily intake to chemicals of potential concern. At the Anaconda Superfund site in Montana, the EPA exposure assessment model was used to predict total and speciated urinary arsenic concentrations. Predicted concentrations were then compared to concentrations measured in children living near the site. When site-specific information on concent...

BACKGROUND Asbestos is a well-recognized cause of lung cancer, but there is considerable between-study heterogeneity in the slope of the exposure-response relationship. OBJECTIVE We considered the role of quality of the exposure assessment to potentially explain heterogeneity in exposure-response slope estimates. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed MEDLINE (1950-2009) for studies with quantitat...

Although occupational epidemiological studies and animal experimentation provide strong evidence that radon-222 (222Rn) progeny exposure causes lung cancer, residential epidemiological studies have not confirmed this association. Past residential epidemiological studies have yielded contradictory findings. Exposure misclassification has seriously compromised the ability of these studies to dete...

OBJECTIVES Workers in many industries are exposed to endotoxins, which may cause adverse health effects. In exposure assessment, information about exposure variability is essential. However, variability in exposure has rarely been investigated for biological agents and more specifically for endotoxin. Therefore, variance components and determinants of exposure were studied in a large database w...

the late 1970s the emerging field of risk assessment spawned a new area of data analysis called " exposure assessment. " It was developed to characterize a process for identifying an exposed population against a measured or estimated outcome—health risk. After publication of the 1983 " Red Book, " Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process [National Research Council (NRC) 1...

Assessment of risks to aquatic organisms is important in the registration procedures for pesticides in industrialised countries. This risk assessment consists of two parts: (i) assessment of effects to these organisms derived from ecotoxicological experiments (=effect assessment), and (ii) assessment of concentration levels in relevant environmental compartments resulting from pesticide applica...

Development of simple-to-use, cost-effective risk assessments is a current research necessity in Ergonomics. Direct measurements and observational methods are usually considered more reliable and objective than retrospective self-assessment but the more subjective methods are often the only feasible way to evaluate exposure to health risks – particularly in large field studies. This paper discu...

Job-specific modules (JSMs) were used to collect information for expert retrospective exposure assessment in a community-based non-Hodgkins Lymphoma study in New South Wales, Australia. Using exposure assessment by a hygienist, artificial neural networks were developed to predict overall and intermittent benzene exposure among the module of tanker drivers. Even with a small data set (189 driver...

Introduction: Industrial growth, development programs and infrastructure projects, in spite of all the advantages and benefits to humans, has been considered as the source of many hazards, risks and failures. Risk assessment is the organized and systematic method to identify hazards and risk estimation for decisions ranking, in order to reduce the risk to an acceptable extent. The aim of this s...