[reaction: see text] Self-assembled ionophores, formed by hydrogen bonding of isoG 1 around a cation, are dynamic structures. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in CD(3)CN-CDCl(3) showed that cation exchange is >10(4) faster than exchange of isoG 1 ligand in (isoG 1)(10)-Cs(+) Ph(4)B(-). The cationic guest also affected the kinetic stability of the complex. 2D-EXSY NMR experiments in CDCl(3) showed ...

Abstract The Greenland Ice Sheet harbours a wealth of microbial life, yet the total biomass stored or exported from its surface to downstream environments is unconstrained. Here, we quantify abundance and cellular flux within near-surface weathering crust photic zone western sector ice sheet. Using groundwater techniques, demonstrate that interstitial water flow slow (~10 −2 m d −1 ), while cyt...

Pathway-selective insulin resistance where insulin fails to suppress hepatic glucose production but promotes liver fat storage may underlie glucose and lipid abnormalities after menopause. We tested the mechanisms by which estrogen treatment may alter the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) when given at the time of ovariectomy (OVX) in mice. Female C57BL/6J mice underwent sham operation, OVX, or O...

The terrestrial-aquatic interface is a crucial environment in which to consider the fate of exported terrestrial carbon in the aquatic system. Here the fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may be controlled by nutrient availability. However, peat-dominated headwater catchments are normally of low nutrient status and thus there is little data on how DOC and nutrient export co-varies. We presen...

The microbiological investigation was conducted to determine the level of contamination of goat meat processed by butchers in slaughter yards and meat stalls and also at different body regions such as neck, brisket and thigh during the period of July to November 2007 in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total number o...

Coordination of the multiple steps of mRNA biogenesis helps to ensure proper regulation of gene expression. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DEAD-box protein Rat8p/Dbp5p is an essential mRNA export factor that functions at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) where it is thought to remodel mRNA/protein complexes during mRNA export. Rat8p also functions in translation termination and has been implicated i...

Along with economic development, urbanization will generate a large amount of solid waste and put pressure on the management systems in developing countries. Face-to-face interview methods were used to investigate current status construction demolition (CDW) (collection, transportation, treatment, storage) as well reveal attitudes governmental agencies enterprises towards CDW recycling recycled...

This paper treats theoretical and practical aspects of train management in freight shunting yards. It is a literature survey extending the previous ones presenting new important papers published last decade. The operations realised such yards are formalised by modelling them unified language diagrams algorithms implemented to solve optimisation problems for different types existing models prese...

In rail freight operation, freight cars need to be separated and reformed into new trains at hump yards. The classification procedure is complex and hump yards constitute bottlenecks in the rail freight network, often causing outbound trains to be delayed. One of the problems is that planning for the allocation of tracks at hump yards is difficult, given that the planner has limited resources (...