objective: in the colophon of every manuscript there is a date which indicates of the time when it has been written. sometimes these colophon dates change into another date through a slight manipulation. sometimes some dates have the potential of changing into another date, either because of passage of time or due to the scribe’s method of writing. this issue creates a problem for cataloguers, ...

Medical Illustrations in Medieval Manuscripts, by LOREN MACKINNEY, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1965, pp. xvii, 263, 104 plates, 105s. It is a pity that Loren MacKinney did not live to see the publication of this beautifully produced book, which represents to some extent the culminating point of his thirty years' search for medical illustrations in medieval manuscripts. He had i...

This paper aims to scrutinize the identity layers in artworks of Qajar era. Identity art has different and each layer depends on aspects. Era is one culturally productive periods Iran. It also had widespread relations with West matters. Thus several culture can be seen this period. The research tries answer question: what are their priorities found Lithographed Manuscripts religious themes Era?...

The extant amphibians are one of the most diverse radiations of terrestrial vertebrates (>6800 species). Despite much recent focus on their conservation, diversification, and systematics, no previous phylogeny for the group has contained more than 522 species. However, numerous studies with limited taxon sampling have generated large amounts of partially overlapping sequence data for many speci...

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Authors face the tedious bookkeeping problem of maintaining the consistency of references to figures, citations, and other numbered entities in successive drafts of a manuscript. If a figure is added to or deleted from the manuscript, the numbers of all subsequent figures must be adjusted, along with the references to these figures. In this note, we show how the UNIX commands grep, awk, and sed...

The article is devoted to the problem of clarifying practical purposes using manuscripts Liturgy Apostle James in 16th–17th centuries, their applied significance. This period characterized by appearance a huge number Slavic containing text Jacob. At same time, we are talking not only about manuscripts, but also presence several translation options for texts contained these manuscripts. Based on...

the necessity of recorrecting some persian prose and poetic texts is an undeniable fact, especially the texts before the raid of mughals. unfortunately, the main problem of corrected texts is not just the lack or not using of authentic manuscripts but the reason should be sought in the method used by correctors and their lack of attention to several literary and linguistic principles. the negli...