Ferritic stainless steels have been widely used to substitute austenitic because of their lower cost and higher deep drawing capacity. However, failures, such as shear fracture, observed in parts with small radii during the process applications where both bending stretching occurs. Conventional techniques, failure criterion consideration, finite element method, forming limit diagram, are unable...

Abstract Indirect reinforcement is one of the effective ways to increase strength and deformation characteristics, which achieved by creating a volumetric stress state in concrete. For design reinforced concrete structures with indirect reinforcement, calculation method based on nonlinear model well suited. such calculations, it required construct stress-strain diagram, will most accurately des...

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