Reflex responses of tibial motoneurones were examined during mechanical stimulation of the femoral chordotonal organ, a joint angle receptor of the locust hindleg. Step displacements of the main ligament of the organ, mimicking 10-15 degree changes in joint angle, produced different patterns of discharge in motoneurones (1) when the leg was resting against a support and (2) when the support was...

INTRODUCTION Simultaneous contraction of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) with forced hyperflexion of the wrist can result in avulsion of the tendon and its bony attachment at its insertion at the dorsum of the base of the second metacarpal. This is a rare and often unreported fracture pattern. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 31- year- old male who sustained a hyperflexion injury. He ...

Aberrant synaptic plasticity is hypothesised to underpin chronic pain. Yet, regulated by homeostatic mechanisms have received limited attention in We investigated the human primary motor cortex (M1) of 21 healthy individuals response experimentally induced muscle pain for several days. Experimental was injecting nerve growth factor into belly right extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. Pain an...

The commonest cause of radial nerve dysfunction is from extrinsic compressions of the radial nerve, such as against the shaft of the humerus in “Saturday night palsy”. However, this chapter focuses on the less common intrinsic compression neuropathies of the radial nerve. Intrinsic radial nerve compression neuropathies occur much less frequently than those of the median or ulnar nerves. The com...

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and referred pain area of trigger points (TrPs) in blue-collar (manual) and white-collar (office) workers, and to analyze if the referred pain pattern elicited from TrPs completely reproduces the overall spontaneous pain pattern. METHODS Sixteen (62% women) blue-collar and 19 (75% women) white-collar workers were included in this study. TrPs in the tempora...

The extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) is a variant muscle located on the dorsum of the hand. This variant of the fourth compartment has often eluded preoperative diagnosis and led to unnecessary repeat visits to the operating room owing to its lack of notoriety. As a result, we aim to review the literature concerning the EDBM with respect to its embryology, comparative anatomy and variants...

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis in the literature that torque resistance of parkinsonian rigidity is the difference between the independent contributions of stretched and shortened muscles. The hypothesis was tested using muscle-specific stretch-shortening (MSSS) EMG ratio in this study. Nineteen patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 18 healthy subjects (the mea...

[Purpose] This study investigated the difference in muscle activation of the dominant upper extremity in right-handed and left-handed persons during writing. [Subjects] There were 36 subjects (16 left- handers/ 20 right- handers), and the study was conducted from 03/01/2012 to 30/3/2012. [Methods] Six electrodes were attached to the FCU (flexor carpi ulnaris), FCR (flexor carpi radialis), ECU (...

Since 1895, when de Quervain first described stenosing tenovaginitis of the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis at the radial styloid, a number of similar lesions have been described around the wrist joint. The tendons involved include extensor digiti minimi (Drury 1955), extensor carpi ulnaris (Dickson and Luckey 1948), flexor carpi radialis (Fitton, Shea and Goldi...