We report on electrical Raman measurements in transparent and conducting single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films. Application of external voltage results in downshifts of the D and G modes and in reduction of their intensity. The intensities of the radial breathing modes increase with external electric field related to the application of the external voltage in metallic SWNTs, while decre...

We show both theoretically and experimentally that the ion-selectivity of a conic nanopore, as defined by a normalized density of the surface charge, significantly affects ion current rectification across the pore. For weakly selective negatively charged pores, intra-pore ion transport controls the current and internal ion enrichment/depletion at positive/reverse biased voltage (current enters/...

Some of the standard PICmicros have a comparator module, consisting of two comparators, both of which can be connected to PORTA in a variety of configurations. The internal voltage reference divider can be used with the comparators to establish thresholds. Additionally, one of the comparator inputs can be configured to the RA2 port allowing for the use of an external voltage reference. By combi...

Two distinct voltage-dependent K+ currents have been previously identified in the type B-photoreceptors of Hermissenda: an early, rapidly inactivating K+ current (IA), and a late, 4-AP- and TEA-resistant voltage and Ca(2+)-dependent current (IK(Ca)). Using conventional two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques, we have characterized two additional currents, a late voltage-dependent outward K+ curr...

Inhibition by polyvalent cations is a defining characteristic of voltage-gated proton channels. The mechanism of this inhibition was studied in rat alveolar epithelial cells using tight-seal voltage clamp techniques. Metal concentrations were corrected for measured binding to buffers. Externally applied ZnCl(2) reduced the H(+) current, shifted the voltage-activation curve toward positive poten...

Intracellular Ca2+ release in directly stimulated diaphragm muscles of mice was found to be dependent on external Ca2+, using the intracellular Ca2+ aequorin luminescence transient technique. The Ca2+ mobilization into the cells may operate via a voltage- and external Ca2+-dependent mechanism, and via a caffeine- and external Ca2+-independent one, from the Ca2+ pools in plasma membranes or in t...

In our clinic invasive transtympanal promontory positive DC stimulations were first used, with a success rate of 42%. However, non-invasive hydrotransmissive negative DC stimulations are now favored, with improvement being obtained in 37.8% directly after the treatment, and 51.3% in a follow up 1 month after treatment. The further improvement after 1 month may be due to neuroplastic changes at ...

abstract: one the most important problems in recent sensitive loads is the quality of voltage. for this challenge custom power devices are used in distribution systems. dynamic voltage restorer (dvr) is a custom power device that improves voltage, decrease power distortion, filter harmonics and balance distributed generations (dgs) with low voltage distribution system. in this paper, a new algo...