This paper proposes to reexamine the GATT/WTO membership effect on bilateral trade flows, using nonparametric methods including pair-matching, permutation tests, and a Rosenbaum (2002) sensitivity analysis. Taken together in a coherent manner, these methods provide an estimation framework that is robust to misspecification biases, allows general forms of heterogeneous treatment effects, and add...

Subsidies and Exports in Germany: First Evidence from Enterprise Panel Data We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate the link between production-related subsidies and exports. We document that only a small fraction of enterprises is subsidized, and that exports and subsidies are positively related. Using a matching ap...

I study how trade affects urbanization and real income. To this end, exploit large-scale exogenous changes in stemming from the redrawing of Hungary’s borders after First World War. show that counties near new border decreased significantly relative to farther away. rationalize reduced-form finding a spatial model which benefits trading drive agglomeration around locations where activity takes ...

Abstract This article provides an empirical case study of the impacts COVID-19 pandemic on global beverage markets, particularly wine sector. Both international trade and domestic sales have been adversely affected by temporary shifts away from on-premise social distancing measures self-isolation that led to closure restaurants, bars, clubs, plus declines in travel tourism. Partly offsetting th...

We use microdata collected at the border and store to characterize price impact of recent US trade policy on importers, exporters, consumers. At border, import tariff pass-through is much higher than exchange rate pass-through. Chinese exporters did not lower their dollar prices by much, despite appreciation dollar. By contrast, significantly lowered affected foreign retaliatory tariffs. In sto...

To quantify trade frictions, we examine multiproduct exporters. We build a flexible general-equilibrium model and estimate market entry costs using Brazilian firm-product-destination data under rich demand access cost shocks. Our estimates show that additional products farther from firm’s core competency come at higher production costs, but there are substantive economies of scope in costs. Mar...

We study the relationship between domestic-demand shocks and exports using data for Spanish manufacturing firms in 2002–2013. Exploiting plausibly exogenous geographical variation caused by Great Recession, we find that whose domestic sales declined more experienced a larger increase export flows, controlling firms’ supply determinants. This result illustrates capacity of markets to counteract ...

OBJECTIVE Analysis of salivary cortisol concentrations and derived indices is increasingly used in clinical and scientific medicine. However, comprehensive data on these parameters in the general population are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary cortisol in a large middle-aged community sample and to identify major factors associated with altered hormon...