The direct integration of GaN with Si can boost great potential for low-cost, large-scale, and high-power device applications. However, it is still challengeable to directly grow on without using thick strain relief buffer layers due their large lattice thermal-expansion-coefficient mismatches. In this work, a GaN/Si heterointerface any layer successfully fabricated at room temperature via surf...

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful genomic tool. Although targeted to complementary genomic sequences by a guide RNA (gRNA), Cas9 tolerates gRNA:DNA mismatches and cleaves off-target sites. How mismatches quantitatively affect Cas9 binding and cutting is not understood. Using SelexGLM to construct a comprehensive model for DNA-binding specificity, we observed that 13-bp of complementarity in ...

Considering a multi-pathway structure in a light-harvesting complex of photosynthesis, we investigate the role of energy-level mismatches between antenna molecules in transferring the absorbed energy to a reaction center. We find a condition in which the antenna molecules faithfully play their roles: Their effective absorption ratios are larger than those of the receiver molecule directly coupl...

BACKGROUND HLA class-I mismatches selectively induce antibody formation after kidney transplantation. The de novo development of donor-specific IgG HLA class-I antibodies may be dependent on the HLA class-II background of the patient by presenting T-helper epitopes within the recognized HLA class-I antigens. METHODS The correlation between antibody production against mismatched donor human le...

The influence of HLA mismatches between donor and recipient on the phenotypes, function, and specificity of T-lymphocyte cultures derived from endomyocardial biopsies was studied in 118 heart transplant recipients. In case of HLA-DR mismatches, the majority of the EMB-derived cultures were dominated by CD4+ T cells while, in patients with HLA-A and -B mismatches but without DR mismatches, CD8+ ...

We introduce quantatitive timed refinement and timed simulation (directed) metrics, incorporating zenoness check s, for timed systems. These metrics assign positive real numbers between zero and infinity which quantify the timing mismatches between two timed systems, amongst non-zeno runs. We quantify timing mismatches in three ways: (1) the maximal timing mismatch that can arise, (2) the “stea...

Several techniques have recently been developed to detect single-base mismatches in DNA heteroduplexes that contain one strand of wild-type and one strand of mutated DNA. Here we tested the hypothesis that an appropriate system of mildly denaturing solvents can amplify the tendency of single-base mismatches to produce conformational changes, such as bends in the double helix, and thereby increa...