Introduction: The dental syringe, since its introduction in 1921, has been very popular in operations performed under local anesthetics (LA). It can, however, be quite cumbersome to handle for people with petite hands. Therefore, the aim of this study is to introduce a technique of utilizing its sealed lignospan cartridges in a simpler way by using hypodermic syringe and needle to achieve effec...

Early autism research focused on behavior and cognition. In recent decades, the pace of research has accelerated, and advances in imaging and genetics have allowed the accumulation of biological data. Nevertheless, a coherent picture of the syndrome at either phenotypic or biological level has not emerged. We see two fundamental obstacles to progress in basic understanding of autism. First, the...

GETTING STARTED Introducing Roles Facilitator Introduction [7] Participant Introductions [8] Other Process Leadership Roles [9] Representation [10] Roles of Agencies [11] Roles of Tribes [12] Explaining Purpose and Scope Setting Process Expectations [13] Preparing to Collaborate [14] Icebreaker: Hopes and Concerns About the Process [15] Establishing Boundaries [16] Clarifying Participant Respon...

This article describes a detailed analysis of knowledge building in a problem-based learning group. Knowledge building involves increasing the collective knowledge of a group through social discourse. For knowledge building to occur in the classroom, the teacher needs to create opportunities for constructive discourse in order to support student learning and collective knowledge building. In pr...

Received: 13 August 2008 Accepted: 13 September 2008 Abstract This paper suggests ways to facilitate creativity and innovation in software development. The paper applies four perspectives – Product, Project, Process, and People – to identify an outlook for software innovation. The paper then describes a new facility – Software Innovation Research Lab (SIRL) – and a new method concept for softwa...

Resale price maintenance (RPM), slotting fees, loyalty rebates and other related vertical practices can allow an incumbent manufacturer to transfer pro ts to retailers. If these retailers were to accommodate entry, upstream competition could lead to lower industry pro ts and the breakdown of these pro t transfers. Thus, in equilibrium, retailers can internalize the e ect of accommodating entry ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate whether a previously described technique for laparoscopic sigmoid resection with intracorporeal resection-anastomosis and specimen removal via a suprapubic incision could be facilitated and applied to the rectum. METHODS Ten domestic pigs (median weight 41 kg) underwent low anterior resection of the rectum, which was t...