Currently, design and construction documents submitted to the governing body for permitting are checked manually against a continuously changing and increasingly complex set of building codes. The complexity and changing nature of codes leads to delays in both the design and construction processes. The designer must assess which codes are applicable to a given project as well as sort through po...

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has developed a tool called the Modular Design System (MDS) to assist design professionals in the processes of planning, design, and construction document preparation for repetitive facility types. The use of early versions of MDS has demonstrated a reduction in time by nearly two-thirds typically required to design and award a construction contract. Initially d...

Collaborative applications provide a group of users with the facility to communicate and share data in a coordinate way. In this paper we propose a pattern system to design the basic aspects of data sharing, communication, and coordination for collaborative applications. These patterns are useful for the design and development of collaborative applications as well as for the development of plat...

Collaborative applications provide a group of users with the facility to communicate and share data in a coordinated way. Building collaborative applications is still a complex task. In this paper we propose a pattern system to design basic aspects of data sharing, communication, and coordination for collaborative applications. These patterns are useful for the design and development of collabo...

tower cranes are major and expensive equipment that are extensively used at building construction projects and harbors for lifting heavy objects to demand points. the tower crane locating problem to position a tower crane and supply points in a building construction site for supplying all requests in minimum time, has been raised from more than twenty years ago. this problem has already been so...