In finite mixtures of location-scale distributions, if there is no constraint on the parameters then the maximum likelihood estimate does not exist. But when the ratios of the scale parameters are restricted appropriately, the maximum likelihood estimate exists. We prove that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is strongly consistent, if the ratios of the scale parameters are restricted from...

In 1959 Carnap published a probability model that was meant to allow for reasoning by analogy involving two independent properties. Maher (2000) derived a generalized version of this model axiomatically and defended the model’s adequacy. It is thus natural to now consider how the model might be extended to the case of more than two properties. A simple extension was published by Hesse (1964); t...

Neural network training targets for speech recognition are estimated using a novel method. Rather than use zero and one, continuous targets are generated using forwardbackward probabilities. Each training pattern has more than one class active. Experiments showed that the new method e ectively decreased the error rate by 15% in a continuous digits recognition task.

The excavation damaged zone (EDZ) can be defined as a rock zone where the rock properties and conditions have been changed due to the processes related to an excavation. This zone affects the behavior of rock mass surrounding the construction that reduces the stability and safety factor and increase probability of failure of the structure. In this paper, a methodology was examined for computing...

We present CompARE, a web platform that computes how more efficient is to use a composite endpoint instead of one of its components. CompARE is based on the Asymptotic Relative Efficiency (ARE) method developed by Gómez and Lagakos. Users interact with CompARE through HTML form pages and no knowledge of R is needed. A list of candidate endpoints, anticipatable probabilities and hazard ratios ar...

1. GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE FORM. 1.1. WHAT GAHL AND GARNSEY (2004) SHOW. There is widespread consensus that one of the tasks of a grammar is to describe the form of language. What Gahl and Garnsey (2004; henceforth G&G) show is that the description of both /t,d/-deletion and word and pause durations in American English needs to make reference to statements of the form ‘such-and-such a syntactic co...

Within an epistemic model for two-player extensive games, we formalize the event that each player believes that his opponent chooses rationally at all information sets. Letting this event be common certain belief yields the concept of sequential rationalizability. Adding preference for cautious behavior to this event likewise yields the concept of quasi-perfect rationalizability. These concepts...

Stochastic independence is an idealized relationship located at one end of a continuum of values measuring degrees of dependence. Modeling real world systems, we are often not interested in the distinction between exact independence and any degree of dependence, but between weak ignorable and strong substantial dependence. Good models map signiicant deviance from independence and neglect approx...