For the observation of single molecule dynamics with fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) very low fluorophore concentrations are necessary. For in vitro measurements, this requirement is easy to fulfill. In biology however, micromolar concentrations are often encountered and may pose a real challenge to conventional FFS methods based on confocal instrumentation. We show a higher confine...

J. Nat. Resour. Life Sci. Educ. 39:125–131 (2010). doi:10.4195/jnrlse.2009.0021 • http://www.JNRLSE.org © American Society of Agronomy 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711 USA ABSTRACT Opportunities for farmers to participate in greenhouse gas (GHG) credit markets require that growers, students, extension educators, offset aggregators, and other stakeholders understand the impact of agricultur...

Agriculture is both vulnerable to climate change impacts and a significant source of greenhouse gases. Increasing agriculture’s resilience and reducing its contribution to climate change are societal priorities. Survey data collected from Iowa farmers are analyzed to answer the related research questions: (1) do farmers support adaptation and mitigation actions, and (2) do beliefs and concerns ...

A holistic approach was followed for utilizing tetracyclines (TCs)-contaminated pig manure, by composting this with rice straw in a greenhouse for CO₂ fertilization and composted residue application. After composting, the composted residues can be applied to cropland as a supplemental source of synthetic fertilizers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pig manure-rice str...

In this paper, we discuss solving the DLP over GF (36·97) by using the function field sieve (FFS) for breaking paring-based cryptosystems using the ηT pairing over GF (3 ). The extension degree 97 has been intensively used in benchmarking tests for the implementation of the ηT pairing, and the order (923-bit) of GF (3 6·97) is substantially larger than the previous world record (676-bit) of sol...

Despite huge environmental, economic, health, and social costs of pesticides, evidence revealed that farmers in developing countries would continue to use pesticides. The root of the problem appears to be related to the way of farmers’ decision making. As such, it is crucial for policymakers to understand how farmers think and behave with regard to these inputs. Therefore, the aim of this resea...

Harm reduction approaches to drug control have almost exclusively focussed on consumers in northern countries. This article supports recent analysis that indicates that such policies also hold relevance for producer countries by drawing on recent policy innovations in Bolivia. When Evo Morales, the president of the national coca grower confederation, was elected the country's first indigenous p...

The inappropriate use of pesticides has created side effects such as resistance to pesticides, outbreak of new or secondary pests, environmental toxicity, and human health issues. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors influence green house workers’ attitudes to pesticide use in a case study of 50 greenhouse workers in Hashtgerd city, Iran. Using Bayesian confirmatory factor ana...

To identify the factors contributing to the farmers’ attitude towards Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices in rice cultivation, 158 family heads of the Farmers Field Schools (FFSs) at Godagari Upzila under Rajshahi District were chosen at random to constitute the subjects of the study. Data were collected from 5 September, 2006 to 28 January, 2007. Twenty four selected characteristics of ...