The standard pathway for virus infection of eukaryotic cells requires disassembly of the viral shell to facilitate release of the viral genome into the host cell. Here we use mechanical fatigue, well below rupture strength, to induce stepwise disruption of individual human adenovirus particles under physiological conditions, and simultaneously monitor disassembly in real time. Our data show the...

The high cycle fatigue (HCF) cracking behaviors in the SnPb solder joints were investigated experimentally via in situ observations with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that the HCF cracks incubate at the toe of the solder joints and propagate mainly along an angle from 20 to 45 tilted to the applied stress axis differing greatly from the propagation behaviors reported ...

The ability to map plastic deformation around high strain gradient microstructural features is central in studying phenomena such as fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. A method for the visualization of plastic deformation in electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) data has been developed and is described in this article. This technique is based on mapping the intragrain misorientation in...

Two problems of technological importance for microelectromechanical systems ~MEMS! and microelectronics industry are addressed: fatigue of thin films and nanoscale film cracking. A device is described that can ~1! conduct biaxial fatigue tests on thin films and ~2! be utilized to study fracture patterns in nanoscale coatings under biaxial stress state. Thin-film specimens, in the form of circul...

This study concerned the dynamic behavior of the wind turbine rotor. Before all we have studied the loads applied to the rotor, which allows the knowledge their effect on the fatigue, also studied the rotor with longitudinal crack in order to determine stress, strain and displacement. Firstly we compared the first six modes shapes between cracking and uncracking of HAWT rotor. Secondly we show ...

This study explored the feasibility of lignin based biofuel co-product (BCP) for subgrade soil stabilization, and more specifically, its impact on Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement performance using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). The HMA pavement systems with BCP stabilized subgrade under different traffic and climate conditions were modeled using mechanistic based damage...

Applications of magnesium alloys as biodegradable orthopaedic implants are critically dependent on the mechanical integrity of the implant during service. In this study, the mechanical integrity of an AZ91 magnesium alloy was studied using a constant extension rate tensile (CERT) method. The samples in two different geometries that is, circumferentially notched (CN), and circumferentially notch...

This study evaluated the influence of cyclic loading on zirconia bar-shaped specimens after being subjected to three different surface treatments: particle abrasion with either 50 μm or 110 μm alumina and grinding with diamond points, while polished specimens served as a control. Statistical analysis revealed significant reduction (38-67%) in flexure strength (P < 0.001) after three million cyc...

Monitoring fatigue cracking of large engineering structures is a costly and time-intensive process. The authors’ present the first low-cost inkjet-printed patch antenna sensor that can passively detect crack formation, orientation and shape by means of resonant frequency shifts in the two resonant modes of the antenna. For the first time, the effect of non-linear crack shapes on the parallel an...

This paper summarizes the effort funded by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base to identify the problem structural areas on the F-15 and recommend appropriate solutions with the development of new technology. Recent modifications to the F-15 airframe structure have taken place or are under consideration to reduce honeycomb water corrosion, reduce ma...