6 [1] The absolute value of stress on a fault during slip is a critical unknown quantity in 7 earthquake physics. One of the reasons for the uncertainty is a lack of geological 8 constraints in real faults. Here we calculate the slip rate and stress on an ancient fault 9 in a new way based on rocks preserved in an unusual exposure. The study area consists of 10 a fault core on Kodiak Island tha...

Groundwater resource is a very important water resource that has stable temperature, clear, tidy and confident. In recent years, population growth, industrialize and need to food and water, have exposed the groundwater resource on the risk. Reduction of water resources is a main problem in throughout the world. In this research groundwater potential mapping was obtained in Norabad plain, Lorest...

A new hybrid clustering algorithm based on a three-layer feed forward neural network (FFNN), a distribution density function, and a cluster validity index, is presented in this paper. In this algorithm, both feature weighting and sample weighting are considered, and an optimal cluster number is automatically determined by the cluster validity index. Feature weights are learnt via FFNN based on ...

The Orientale basin is the youngest and best-preserved multiring impact basin on the Moon, having experienced only modest modification by subsequent impacts and volcanism. Orientale is often treated as the type example of a multiring basin, with three prominent rings outside of the inner depression: the Inner Rook Montes, the Outer Rook Montes, and the Cordillera. Here we use gravity data from ...

The distribution of culturable hyperthermophiles was studied in relation to environmental conditions in the Kubiki oil reservoir in Japan, where the temperature was between 50 and 58 degrees C. Dominant hyperthermophilic cocci and rods were isolated and shown to belong to the genera Thermococcus and Thermotoga, respectively, by 16S rDNA analyses. Using the most-probable-number method, we found ...

The principle, that the rate of internal viscous dissipation is at a minimum, is incorrect when temperature and velocity fields are linked through temperature-dependent viscosity or density. This makes it inappropriate for the study of spreading ridge – transform fault systems or other plate-tectonic problems with large density stratification resulting from large temperature gradients. Correcti...

Digital technology in space-bound, nanometer scale systems create the need for reliable computation in the face of a small but finite error rate. We present a designerdriven, semi-automated technique for synthesizing fault tolerance in finite state machines. This is done with lower implementation overhead in terms of both machine redundancy and overall logic complexity than conventional methods...

Embedded systems consist of hardware and software and are ubiquitous in safety critical fields, e.g., aerospace. The increasing integration density of modern, digital circuits causes an increasing vulnerability of embedded systems to transient faults. Techniques to protect embedded systems against transient faults, i.e., to increase the fault tolerance of the systems, are often either implement...

This paper presents accurate fault models, an accurate fault simulation technique, and a new fault coverage metric for resistive bridging faults in gate level combinational circuits at nominal and reduced power supply voltages. We demonstrate that some faults have unusual behavior, which has been observed in practice. On the ISCAS85 benchmark circuits we show that a zero-ohm bridge fault model ...