we present an approach to design of fault tolerant computing systems. in this paper, a technique is employed that enable the combination of several codes, in order to obtain flexibility in the design of error correcting codes. code combining techniques are very effective, which one of these codes are turbo codes. the algorithm-based fault tolerance techniques that to detect errors rely on the c...

This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow and trade openness on the expansion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the period of 1996 to 2005, in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions. Asia-Pacific countries cited in this study are: China (mainland & Hong Kong), Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The Middl...

New technologies, rising customer demands and severe exhaust gas regulations led to a rapid advancement of combustion engines. Nowadays, engines are characterized by more and more complex structures, whereby maintenance and trouble shooting becomes more and more complicated. Therefore the development of suitable fault detection and diagnosis methods is necessary, whereas the use of model based ...

This paper analyzes the nature of FDI local networks in production and R&D activities in China and discusses their implications for technological dynamism and regional development. We investigate foreign ventures (or foreign-invested enterprises, FIEs) in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, based on a large-scale survey of ICT firms conducted in three mega-city regions ...

* The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System.

Monitoring large-scale systems is of fundamental importance in modern infrastructures. Many of these large-scale systems are complex interconnections of sub-components which interact by means of communication channels with limited bandwidth. Therefore the information must be encoded in order to be transmitted. Given a class of encoders, the problem of detecting faults affecting some of these su...

The article examines an opportunity of corruption restriction exercised by international business community in Russia. Integration of Russian economy into the international business does not reduce corruption inside the country. Foreign actors investing in Russia under the condition of obtaining their required rates of returns will be reluctant to harm their investments by involving into antico...

According to the World Investment Report 2004, the structure of FDI has shifted towards services. Further, the composition of services FDI is also changing from trade and finance to such industries as electricity, water, telecommunications, storage and transportation. In the latter sector the value of FDI stock rose 16-fold between 1990 and 2002. Incorporating a transport sector dominated by mu...

To fully understand foreign affiliates’ behaviour in regional agglomerations (hereafter RAs), we argue it would be useful to analyze the networking patterns of such affiliates in reference to domestic firms within the local market environment. Consequently, we examined 184 electronics plants,