Fear extinction is impaired in psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia, which have a major genetic component. However, the genetic factors underlying individual variability in fear extinction remain to be determined. By comparing a panel of inbred mouse strains, we recently identified a strain, 129S1/SvImJ (129S1), that exhibits a profound and selective de...

BACKGROUND Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), approximately half of patients do not respond to CBT. No studies have investigated the capacity for neural responses during fear processing to predict treatment response in PTSD. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses of the brain were examined in ...

Previous research has revealed that feelings of anger are typically accompanied by the goal to approach the emotion-evoking stimulus and feelings of fear by the goal to avoid the emotionevoking stimulus. We set up an experiment to investigate the boundary conditions of this set of relations. We hypothesized that anger is related to approach and fear to avoidance when approach serves the goal to...

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe, persistent psychiatric disorder in response to a traumatic event, causing intense anxiety and fear. These responses may increase over time upon conditioning with fear-associated cues, a phenomenon termed fear incubation. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRFR1) is involved in activation of the central stress response, wh...

Fear conditioning is one of the most widely used paradigms for studying the neurobiology of emotional learning. In this paradigm, an emotionally neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus or CS) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), generally a mild foot shock. After a few trials, re-exposure to the CS alone elicits a fear response, proceeding through the necessary connecting ...

learning that involves the association of stimuli and their aversive consequences. In this paradigm, the animal receives pairings of an innocuous conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone or the context of the conditioning chamber, and a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a footshock. After a few such pairings, the CS comes to elicit a constellation of conditioned responses (CRs) that...

Research associates processes of fear conditioning and extinction with treatment of anxiety and stress-related disorders. Manipulation of these processes may therefore be beneficial for such treatment. The current study examines the effects of electrical brain stimulation on fear extinction processes in healthy humans in order to assess its potential relevance for treatment enhancement. Forty-f...

................................................................................................ 2 Introduction............................................................................................4 Classical Conditioning........................................................................ 4 Fear Conditioning.................................................................................

The intergenerational transmission of fear of failure was examined in two studies with undergraduates and their parents. Parent-undergraduate concordance in fear of failure was documented for mothers and fathers, controlling for parents' and undergraduate's impression management and self-deceptive enhancement response tendencies. Love withdrawal was validated as a mediator of parent-undergradua...