the aim of the present study was to compare different periods of feed deprivation (day number of starvation in four physical feed restriction programs) on total immunuglobulins and lymphocytes percentage in pullets and cockerels of broiler breeder. a 4x2 factorial experiment based on a completely random design. 160 pullets and 160 cockerels of broiler breeder. feed intake content weekly was the...

In growing animals, requirements for many nutrients (and energy) are determined by the retention of these nutrients. During growth, this retention changes in an absolute way and also between nutrients and energy, resulting in changing nutrient requirements. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in chemical composition in male growing turkeys. The serial slaughter technique was...

Rationale, mechanism of action A close relationship exists between the excretion of N and P by dairy cattle and the amounts consumed with feed. Hence, there are good options to reduce P excretion by nutritional measures. In many regions, grass delivers the main fraction of dietary P, whereas soil P status strongly determines P content of grass. This means that changes in whole farm management w...

Immune stress is the loss of immune homeostasis caused by external forces. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of immune stress on the growth performance, small intestinal enzymes and peristalsis rate, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in broiler chickens. Four hundred and thirty-two 1-d-old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly assigned to four groups for treatm...

This study aimed to determine the nutrient and energy requirement in pregnant lactating mares. used an observation methodology it was conducted on eight stables with 11 mares 16 Observed variables included mare profile (estimated body weight, horse type, physiological condition (pregnancy or lactation), feeding (type of feed, amount content, total feed consumption) then compared based NRC (2007...

Introduction: Fish innards contain 14.01% protein, 20% lipid, 4.75% ash, and 60.62% water. are formulated into granules for practicality in their application as animal feed. 
 Aim: This research on the proximate analysis of feed composed raw material from fish wastes used a descriptive quantitative method. Results: The result indicated that water content measured using thermogravimetric me...