in this research, a novel method to decrease micro-residual stresses of fibrous composites by adding carbon nanotubes (cnts) is proposed in detail. the negative coefficient of thermal expansion and the high young’s modulus of cnts can be utilized to counterbalance the process induced residual stresses in composites. to this end, first, the effects of adding cnts to the matrix of fibrous composi...

Eukaryotic cells feature two ubiquitous fibrous cytoskeletal polymers in their cytoplasm: F-actin and microtubules. A third fibrous polymer, intermediate filaments (IFs), appeared more recently in evolution (Fuchs and Cleveland, 1998; Erber et al., 1998). Two common traits define members of the family of IF proteins. First, these proteins exhibit a characteristic tripartite domain organization,...

Egg capsules from two caenogastropod whelks, Busycon canaliculatum and Kelletia kelletii, were studied to investigate the genesis of mechanical properties of nascent capsules and to formulate a biomechanical model of this material. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the capsules possess fibrous hierarchical arrangements at all stages during processing while the mechanical integrity is d...

Long tail fibers of bacteriophage T4 are formed by proteins gp34, gp35, gp36, and gp37, with gp34 located at the phage-proximal end and gp37 at the phage-distal, receptor-binding end. We have solved the structure of the carboxy-terminal region of gp34, consisting of amino acids 894-1289, by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction and extended the structure to amino acids 744-1289 using data col...

The fundamental molecular mechanisms of contractility and tension development in fibrous macromolecules are developed from the point of view of the principles of polymer physical chemistry. The problem is treated in a general manner to encompass the behavior of all macromolecular systems irrespective of their detailed chemical structure and particular function, if any. Primary attention is give...

Introduction Keratins are the most abundant proteins in epithelial cells of vertebrates and represent the major constituents of skin and its appendages such as nail, hair, feather, and wool1. Keratins are fibrous and insoluble structural proteins extensively cross-linked with disulphide, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonds2-3. Their high degree of cross-linking by disulfide bonds, hydrophobic inter...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear membranes were prepared from isolated nuclei by digesting chromatin with deoxyribonuclease after an initial treatment of nuclei with very diluted buffers. When the nuclear membranes were treated with 5% Triton X-100 and 1M NaCl an insoluble fibrous net was obtained which consisted mainly of protein with Mr values of 85 000, 48 000, 45 000, 39 000 and 31 000. Lam...

Amyloids are usually used to refer to a wide range of fibrous nanostructures formed from natural and synthetic proteins and peptides. The self-propagating protein aggregates are rich in ┚-sheets, which stack in hundreds to thousands units perpendicular to the fibrous axis, forming fibrils 5-15 nm in width and several micrometers in length (Dobson, 1999; Jaroniec et al., 2004; Luhrs et al., 2005...