This paper explores how demographic diversity in top level management affects firm financial performance. Top level management refers to both top management team and board of directors. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of demographic diversity on top management team and boards of directors with regard to firm financial performance. This paper uses both financ...

The absence of appropriate financial management competencies has impeded progress in advancing the field of public health finance. It also inhibits the ability to professionalize this sector of the workforce. Financial managers should play a critical role by providing information relevant to decision making. The lack of fundamental financial management knowledge and skills is a barrier to fulfi...

It is widely argued that countries can reap large gains from liberalizing their capital accounts if financial globalization is accompanied by the development of domestic institutions and financial markets. However, if liberalization does not lead to speedier financial development, globalization can result in adverse effects on distribution and welfare within and across countries. We use a multi...

Motivated by the debate about the economic consequences of mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), this study investigates the effect of hedge accounting under IFRS on corporate risk management. Using a sample of large UK non-financial firms from 2003 to 2008, we show that the implementation of the new standards reduces the level of asymmetric information faced...

Cyber risks are an important point on the business agenda in every company, but they are difficult to assess due to the absence of reliable data and profound analyses. To improve this situation, we identify cyber losses from an operational risk database and analyze these with methods from the field of actuarial science. Specifically, we apply operational risk models in order to yield consistent...

In higher education institutes (HEIs), Operations Management programmes (OMPs) are among those programmes attracting a substantial amount of international student enrollment. With the current situation that the government is reducing its funding input, the UK HEIs’ financial balance relies more than before on the international students who pay higher tuition fees; meanwhile, with the increased ...

Price discrepancies, although at odds with mainstream finance, are persistent phenomena in financial markets. These apparent mispricings lead to the presence of “arbitrageurs,” who aim to exploit the resulting profit opportunities, but whose role remains controversial. This article investigates the impact of the presence of arbitrageurs in rational financial markets. Arbitrage opportunities bet...

Key findings. (1) In 1997, the amount California hospitals billed uninsured patients was more than twice the amount hospitals received from Medicare for the same services. By 2010, billed charges had grown to be five times what Medicare paid, which trans­lated into a gap of more than $10,000 per day in the hospital. (2) Five years after the passage of the state's Hospital Fair Pricing Act, most...

Report of Independent Auditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2002 and 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years ended March 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . ...