I n this issue of Stroke, Hacke et al 1 for the NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial 3 (NEST 3) Committees and Investigators report the results of a phase III, randomized, double blind clinical trial of transcranial laser therapy for acute ischemic stroke. This was a device trial sponsored and funded by industry via venture capital specifically to PhotoThera, Inc, a privately held medical ...

The paper investigates the effects of macroeconomic conditions on firms’ capital structure. We introduce a repeated lender-borrower interaction that allows for debt and equity financing to co-exist as optimal securities in every period. The presence of asymmetric information in the market for loans is responsible for endogenous fluctuations to take place.It is possible to state sufficient condi...

This paper integrates the problem of designing corporate bankruptcy rules into a theory of optimal debt structure. We show that, in an optimal contracting framework with imperfect renegotiation, having multiple creditors increases a firm’s debt capacity while increasing its incentives to default strategically. The optimal debt contract gives creditors claims that are jointly inconsistent in cas...

We investigate the impact of founding family ownership structure on the agency cost of debt. We find that founding family ownership is common in large, publicly traded firms and is related, both statistically and economically, to a lower cost of debt financing. Our results are consistent with the idea that founding family firms have incentive structures that result in fewer agency conflicts bet...

We study the relationship of risk aversion and debt maturity structure. In a model in which adverse selection in financial markets creates a role for the use of short-term debt, we allow the possibility of borrowers being risk-averse. This creates a trade-off between reduced expected financing costs and higher risk and allows for the study of the effect of risk aversion on optimal maturity stru...

A competitive firm which chooses the timing of investment and optimal volume of debt is considered. The price of the firm’s output follows the geometric Brownian motion or more general jump-diffusion processes, and the firm takes an arbitrage free borrowing rate as given. The optimal timing of investment and volume of debt is computed, and it is shown that if the borrowing rate is close to the ...

Given the increasing importance of financing in foreign currency denominated debt, researchers have shown the conditions under which raising capital denominated in a foreign currency becomes feasible. We extend this literature in the context of a multinational corporation (MNC) by modeling the rivalry between equity and debt under a modified general equilibrium framework. We derive (i) internat...

Small and Medium enterprises act as catalysts in the economic development of the developed and developing countries. Developing countries like Nigeria that require sustained economic growth in their economies must pay attention to the SME sector and harness the great potential to generate employment, improved local technology, output diversification, developed indigenous entrepreneurship and fo...

this study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in syria over the period 1970-2010. the johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. the granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...

Debt plays an important role in the financing of multinational corporations (MNCs). Interest expenses are typically tax-deductible in most corporate income tax systems, and there has been a growth of interest in recent years in the tax treatment of debt and its consequences. This paper discusses the optimal form that interest deductibility and associated restrictions should take in a multi-juri...