conclusions the frequency of isthmuses in the mesial root of mandibular first molars was high. the results of clinical and surgical endodontic procedures may be affected by this aspect of root canal anatomy. results isthmus was present in 54% of teeth. the greatest frequency of isthmuses was observed in the 5 mm from the apex. the type v isthmus was the most prevalent isthmuses between all leve...

BACKGROUND The success of endodontic treatment depends on a few crucial factors. One of these factors is the complete chemomechanic preparation of root canal against various bacteria. In particular, the effect of resistant bacteria may cause intense pain with flare-up and formation of periapical lesions. Therefore, the strong effect of irrigants plays an important role in terms of the complete ...

Human mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having an extremely complex root and root canal morphology. The incidence of multiple roots and canals in mandibular second premolars is lower than those in mandibular first premolars. Mandibular second premolars with three root canals and separate foramina are very rare. In this case report, endodontic management of a three-rooted mandi...

Root canal calcification is considered a great challenge during root canal treatment. Although the application of ultrasonic instruments and dental operating microscope (DOM) has advantages, dealing with calcified root canals still suffers a great risk of failure because of limited information about the location, length, and direction of obliteration on periapical radiographs. In this work, a c...

BACKGROUND Traditional radiography is limited in its ability to give reliable information on the number and morphology of root canals. The application of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a non-invasive three-dimensional confirmatory diagnosis as a complement to conventional radiography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a...

Success in root canal treatment is achieved after thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal system. This clinical case describes conventional root canal treatment of an unusual mandibular first molar with six root canals. The prognosis for endodontic treatment in teeth with abnormal morphology is unfavorable if the clinician fails to recognize extra root canals.

AIM To assess ex vivo the accuracy of various electronic apex locators in locating the apical terminus of root-end resected teeth. METHODOLOGY Ninety extracted human posterior teeth (182 root canals) were prepared to a minimum size of 40 and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. After resection of the apical 3 mm of the root, the root canal filling was removed using HERO rotary instruments. Th...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals by using the Obtura II system. Root canals of artificial teeth were prepared using a standard protocol, and lateral canals were made in three thirds of the root canal. The root canals were filled with either Obtura gutta-percha (OB), Endo-points flow gutta-percha (ED), or Resilon (...

BACKGROUND The success of endodontic treatment is greatly affected by the location of the root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first and second molars in a Polish population using cone-beam computed tomography scanning. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of maxillary first and second molars the maxilla were...