Background: This study investigates possible mechanisms that can explain the association between unemployment and smoking, that is a) unemployment increases smoking probability (causation), b) smoking increases the probability to become unemployed (selection), and c) differences in both smoking and unemployment probabilities trace back to differences in socio-economic position (common cause). M...

This paper investigates the performance of three types of random coefficients logistic regression models; that is, models using parametric, semi-parametric, and nonparametric specifications of the distribution of the random effects. Whereas earlier studies focussed on models with a single random effect, here we look at models with multidimensional random effects (intercepts and slopes). Moreove...

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.01.022 0003-3472/© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsev license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Many animals actively defend their offspring using a range of behaviours from calling and mobbing in birds, to physical grappling in crustaceans, and the expression of these behaviours positively scale with offspring value. While this role of beh...

Nonlinear mixed-effects models involve both fixed effects and random effects. Model building for nonlinear mixed-effects models is the process of determining the characteristics of both the fixed and the random effects so as to give an adequate but parsimonious model. We describe procedures based on information criterion statistics for comparing different structures of the random effects compon...

summary effect estimates for any exposure (including the lowest effect estimates) and the risk of asthma onset for both the fixed-and random-effects models and the heterogeneity statistics for the main analysis, studies on adults, cohort studies, large studies, European studies, studies from other climatic zones, studies with follow-up > 3 years, studies applying self-report for exposure assess...

A nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to model the individual tree height–diameter relationship based on Chapman-Richards function for dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii. Rupr.) plantations in northeastern China. The study involved the estimation of fixed and random parameters, as well as procedures for determining random effects variance-covariance matrices to reduce the number of t...

Non linear mixed effect models are classical tools to analyze non linear longitudinal data in many fields such as population Pharmacokinetic. Groups of observations are usually compared by introducing the group affiliations as binary covariates with a reference group that is stated among the groups. This approach is relatively limited as it allows only the comparison of the reference group to t...

the present study was carried out to compare different random regression models to estimate variance components of lamb's average birth weight per lambing (abwll) in mehraban sheep. the data were 5,559 abwll records of 2,244 mehraban ewes. the random regression models consisted of namely, flock-year-season of lambing as fixed effect, a fixed regression to fit average trajectory of the popu...

This paper surveys recently developed approaches to analyzing panel data with nonlinear models. We summarize a number of results on estimation of fixed and random effects models in nonlinear modeling frameworks such as discrete choice, count data, duration, censored data, sample selection, stochastic frontier and, generally, models that are nonlinear both in parameters and variables. We show th...