-We have made an experimental study of the isomerization of fructose and glucose by glucose isomerase in two forms: one soluble and the other immobilized by being fixed in a gel matrix. For the latter technique we used a fixed-bed differential reeirculation reactor, which allowed us to obtain comparable results to those we got with the enzyme dissolved within a batch reactor. We propose a simpl...

Untreated sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane bagasse pretreated with flow-through liquid hot water (LHW) treatment (170-207°C and 204-250 ml/min) in a fixed-bed reactor have been structurally characterised. Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate changes in the residues, in particular due to the fate of lignin. F...

The application of elaborately designed magnetic catalysts has long been limited to ease their separation from the products only. In this paper, we for the first time employed a magnetic sulphonated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin catalyst on a magnetically stabilized-bed (MSB) reactor to enhance the etherification of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) light gasoline, one of the most importa...

The use of commercially available plastic syringes is introduced as disposable small-scale fixed bed bioreactors for the cultivation of implantable therapeutic cell systems on the basis of an alginate-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cell line. The system introduced is fitted with a noninvasive oxygen sensor for the continuous monitoring of the cultivation process. Fixed bed bioreactors offe...

Nowadays formaldehyde is used as raw material in many industries. It has also disinfection applications in some public places. Due to its toxicity for microorganisms, chemical or anaerobic biological methods are applied for treating wastewater containing formaldehyde.In this research, formaldehyde removal efficiencies of aerobic biological treatment systems including moving bed biofilm (MMBR) a...

This paper presents the application of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to a simulated industrial batch reactor subject to safety and productivity constraints due to swelling. The catalyst used in the chemical process decomposes in the reactor; therefore it is fed in discrete time steps during the batch. Although the optimal reactor temperature profile, using a fixed catalyst dosing po...

Phenol removal from wastewater is very widely studied area of research. The practical approach for phenol removal by adsorption involves study of batch adsorption and more importantly the fixed bed operation. In the present study, various aspects of fixed bed adsorption for phenol have been discussed. The review of research carried out on this topic is presented. The phenol removal in fixed bed...

Both the continuous and batch transesterification of linseed oil were examined in order to maximize the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield. The continuous process was conducted in a packed bed reactor using calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst. In addition, the impact of two variables, namely the molar ratio of methanol to oil and the flow rate (ml/min), on the FAME yield were stu...

Design and operation of a "six-flow fixed-bed microreactor" setup for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is described. The unit consists of feed and mixing, flow division, reaction, separation, and analysis sections. The reactor system is made of five heating blocks with individual temperature controllers, assuring an identical isothermal zone of at least 10 cm along six fixed-bed microreactor ins...

several methods are used to decrease seed drying time and enhance the quality of dried seeds. influidization methods, good aeration occurs during the drying process. in this research, conditioned seedswith 20% d.b. moisture content were dried at 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°c using three bed conditions (fixed,minimum fluidized, fluidized). all experiments were done using a batch-type fluidized bed drye...