Flagella can be removed from the biflagellate Chlamydomonas and the cells begin to regenerate flagella almost immediately by deceleratory kinetics. Under usual conditions of deflagellation, more than 98% of all flagella are removed. Under less drastic conditions, cells can be selected in which one flagellum is removed and the other left intact. When only one of the two flagella is amputated, th...

Direct measurements of microtubule sliding in the flagella of actively swimming, demembranated, spermatozoa have been made using submicron diameter gold beads as markers on the exposed outer doublet microtubules . With spermatozoa of the tunicate, Ciona, these measurements confirm values of sliding calculated indirectly by measuring angles relative to the axis of the sperm head. Both methods of...

Sperm motility and structural integrity are essential for successful fertilization in vivo, any hindrance of the correct assembly axoneme peri-axonemal structures sperm flagellum can lead to fertility problems. While there has been considerable advancement studying diseases related flagellum, underlying mechanisms that control movement not yet fully understood. In this study, we reveal tetratri...

A model bacterium with a flexible flagellar hook generically swims along helical trajectory, even when incorporating detailed hydrodynamics. bifurcation in the hook's equilibrium bending angle below critical stiffness can have dramatic effect on trajectory's pitch angle. Analytical predictions for bifurcation's dependence spontaneous curvature, shape of cell body, and flagellum geometry are pro...

By determining the species-specific structure by morphological examination of sperm, it is possible to improve some disadvantages related short and long-term storage use in artificial insemination applications. When morphology canary spermatozoon evaluated, seen that has a long indented acrosome as well rather flagellum. To determine semen, methods used different poultry can be applied visually...

Brevundimonas is a genus of freshwater bacteria belonging to the family Caulobacteraceae. The present study describes two novel species (LVF1T and LVF2T). Both were genomically, morphologically, physiologically characterized. Average nucleotide identity analysis revealed both are unique among known strains. In silico additional ProphageSeq analyses resulted in prophages LVF1T genome remnant pro...

The force generated by a detergent-extracted reactivated bull sperm flagellum during an isometric stall was measured with a force-calibrated glass microprobe. The average isometric stall force from 48 individual measurements was 2.5 +/- 0.7 x 10(-5) dyne (2.5 +/- 0.7 x 10(-10) N). The force measurements were obtained by positioning a calibrated microprobe in the beat path of sperm cells that we...