Should Old-Age Benefits Be Earnings-Tested? We study the welfare effects of earnings testing flat-rate old-age benefits in a quantitative overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic labor income risk. In our model economy, even a moderate earnings testing reduces individuals’ expected lifetime utility, whenever other taxes are taken into account. Moreover, it also lowers the realized lifet...

The problem considered in the paper can be described as follows. We are given a continuous mapping from one metric space into another which is regular (in the sense of metric regularity or, equivalently, controllability at a linear rate) near a certain point. How small may be an additive perturbation of the mapping which destroys regularity? The paper contains a new proof of a recent theorem of...

November 1998 2 medicamundi X-ray examinations of the skeleton are, after chest exposures, the most frequently performed type of radiological examination, representing about 30 % of the total. With a few exceptions, projection radiography forms the basis for the diagnosis of skeletal disorders and, in most cases, provides the information for the definitive diagnosis. In traumatology, rheumatolo...

This paper examines the properties of two Internet pricing systems – a flat rate and a usage-based pricing system – in terms of the social welfare, by generalizing the theory advocated by the scholars. This study contributes not only to the systematic generalization of the theory but also to the examination of the waste of resource innate in the flat rate tariff. We found that the superiority b...

in this paper, the effect of cyclic loading on punching strength of flat slabs strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (cfrp) sheets is studied. experimental results of ten slab specimens under monotonic and cyclic loading are analyzed. eight specimens were strengthened with cfrp sheets on the tensile face of the slabs and the two other specimens were kept un-strengthened as control s...

in this paper, the accuracy of k- and k- turbulence models in super sonic boundary layer capturing of smooth/rough flat plates have been comprehensively investigated. among these investigations, some sorts of sensitivity analysis, including change in turbulence model, generated-grid density, near wall affects, c magnitude (for boundary layers generated on smooth flat plates), and change in c...

increasing the nutritional value of bread is important since the enriched product can be used for special target groups such as developing countries or special diets. wheat germ, a highly nutritive part of wheat kernel, is a by-product of milling factories and has the potential to be used for food supplementation. the main aim of this research was to supplement flat bread (barbari) with wheat g...