a Ferroelectric liquid-crystal polarization switch, b Birefringent lens Bias: sharp boundary, blurred texture perceived in front. Limitations: correct blur only if viewer accomodates to display screen. unrealistic blur. Stimuli used in Experiment 1. (a) Volumetric presentation: two flat textures (chosen among four) displayed in separate focal planes (distance 1.2 D), blur produced by accommodat...

We propose a method to generate THz vector Bessel beams by converting spoof surface plasmon polaritons into a series of backward radiation titled towards the optical axis using a concentric metal corrugation structure. The proposed method enables replacing a conventional bulky axicon lens with a flat device and contributes to the implementation of integrated THz systems.

Although a small point ultrasound transducer has a wide acceptance angle, its small active area leads to a high thermal-noise-induced electric voltage in the transducer, thus the sensitivity is low. By contrast, a finite-size flat transducer has high sensitivity, but the acceptance angle is small, which limits its application in reconstruction-based photoacoustic tomography (PAT). Here, we prop...

We present the discovery of a new gravitational lens system with two compact radio images separated by 0.701±0.001 arcsec. The lens system was discovered in the Cosmic Lens All Sky Survey (CLASS) as a flat spectrum radio source. Both radio components show structure in a VLBA 8.4 GHz radio image. No further extended structure is seen in either the VLA, MERLIN or VLBA images. Hubble Space Telesco...

We present the discovery of a new gravitational lens system with two compact radio images separated by 0.701±0.001 arcsec. The lens system was discovered in the Cosmic Lens All Sky Survey (CLASS) as a flat spectrum radio source. Both radio components show structure in a VLBA 8.4 GHz radio image. No further extended structure is seen in either the VLA, MERLIN or VLBA images. Hubble Space Telesco...

In this work, the spacetime geometry of halo region in spiral galaxies is obtained considering observed flat galactic rotation curve feature, invoking Tully–Fisher relation and assuming presence cold dark matter galaxy. The gravitational lensing analysis performed treating so-obtained as a lens. It found that aforementioned lens can consistently explain galaxy–galaxy weak observations well-know...

Cosmologically distant galaxies ought to act as multiply imaging gravitational lenses for a fraction ∼ 0.002−0.005 of background sources.[1, 2, 3] This prediction is being borne out by surveys of flat spectrum radio sources[4, 5] and optical surveys.[6, 7, 8] The incidence and character of strong gravitational lenses provide an important constraint on the source redshift distribution and world ...

Cultured cells from either chicken lens or liver plated on solid substrates form flat epithelial sheets with adherens-type junctions between them. In lens cells these junctions contain A-CAM, while the same type of intercellular junctions in liver cells contain another cell adhesion molecule, L-CAM. Coculturing of lens and liver cells in the same dish resulted in the formation of mixed (heterot...

A degeneracy in strong lens model is shown analytically. The observed time delays and quasar image positions might not uniquely determine the concentration and the extent of the lens galaxy halo mass distribution. Simply hardwiring the Hubble constant (H0) and the cosmology (Ω,Λ) to the standard ΛCDM cosmology values might not fully lift this degeneracy, which exists rigourously even with very ...