Simple flooding algorithms are widely used in ad hoc sensor networks either for information dissemination or as building blocks of more sophisticated routing protocols. In this paper a percolation driven probabilistic flooding algorithm is proposed, which provides large message delivery ratio with small number of sent messages, compared to traditional flooding. To control the number of sent mes...

Recently,Wireless SensorNetworks (WSNs) have been deployed into a variety of applications including homeland security, military systems, and health care. Sensor nodes deployed in such networks are subject to several attacks such as sinkhole and select forwarding, wormhole, Hello flood, and replication attacks. Therefore, developing secure and energy-efficient routing protocols to protect WSNs a...

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract— Mobile ad-hoc network is a network (MANET) of wireless mobile nodes (MNs) that communicate with each other without centralized control or established infrastructure. Routing protocols are divided into Proactive and Reactive. Proactive is a table–driven protocols. The proactive routing protoco...

The linear form of the Muskingum model has been widely applied to river flood routing. However, a nonlinear relationship between weighted-flow and storage volume exists in most rivers, making the use of the linear Muskingum model inappropriate. On the other hand, the application of the nonlinear Muskingum model suffers from hydrologic parameters estimation. The current study aims at presenting ...

This paper presents a method concerning the integration of the benefit/cost analysis and the real genetic algorithm with various elements of reservoir dam design. The version 4.0 of HEC-RAS software and Hydro-Rout models have been used to simulate the region and flood routing in the reservoir of the dam, respectively. A mathematical programming has been prepared in MATLAB software and linked wi...

During the evacuation process, the most challenging task is to move people to safer locations. As time is the decision factor in the evacuation process, urgent and firmly decisions are required. An evacuation plan should be efficiently constructed by taking into account the routes of vehicle. This paper explored the feasibility of using a discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm to...

Natural physical conditions and the politics of flood management provide the historical context for structural flood control that underlies modern flood hazards in the Sacramento Valley. The valley is a broad, low plain with backswamp basins that were frequently inundated prior to Anglo-American settlement, continuing until the modern flood-control system was established. Early attempts to emul...