This paper presents an analysis of partial-order and causal-links planning based on Sandewall’s systematic approach to reasoning about action and change. The partial-order planners TWEAK and SNLP are analysed and reconstructed. A temporal logic, called the fluent logic, is used for representing plans, and the strong connection between causal links and elements of the fluent logic are pointed out.

The American Sign Language Sentence Reproduction Test (ASL-SRT) requires the precise reproduction of a series of ASL sentences increasing in complexity and length. Error analyses of such tasks provides insight into working memory and scaffolding processes. Data was collected from three groups expected to differ in fluency: deaf children, deaf adults and hearing adults, all users of ASL. Quantit...