Nanoparticles (NPs) are applied in a wide range of processes, and their use continues to increase. Fluidization is one of the best techniques available to disperse and process NPs. NPs cannot be fluidized individually; they fluidize as very porous agglomerates. The objective of this article is to review the developments in nanopowder fluidization. Often, it is needed to apply an assistance meth...

Abstract Advanced transportation biofuels have been the focus of intensive development since early 2000s, and gasification in combination with synthesis technologies represents a flexible production pathway to deliver fuels for heavy-duty transport sectors that are difficult electrify. This article is related pilot-scale process concept aiming smaller-scale plants than feasible fluidized-bed ga...

In dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification, the interaction of material with fuel ash leads to development a catalytic activity toward tar-abating reactions. However, formation layers may also be detrimental process, especially in terms uncontrolled transport oxygen from combustor gasifier. A few previous studies investigating materials have reported transport, although latter was not focus these...

This work presents a general mathematical model of a fixed bed gasifier, where both the transport resistances and the chemical kinetics are important at the reactor and the particle scale. Pyrolysis and gasification of the solid fuel (coal, plastics, biomasses or wastes) is only the first step of the whole process. Successive gas phase reactions of the released species are described with a deta...

This paper presents a new method for measuring tar concentration in biomass-derived producer gas streams. This solvent-free method is much simpler than the evaporative method of the International Energy Agency (IEA) tar protocol. In tests on producer gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier this so-called dry condenser method yielded tar measurements with precision better than 5% and accuracy ...