Proteins are dynamic molecular machines having structural flexibility that allows conformational changes. Current methods for the determination of protein flexibility rely mainly on the measurement of thermal fluctuations and disorder in protein conformations and tend to be experimentally challenging. Moreover, they reflect atomic fluctuations on picosecond timescales, whereas the large conform...

Hamaker constants and dispersion forces interactions of materials are of increasing interest and the advent of atomic force microscopy ~AFM! force measurements represents a new opportunity for quantitative studies of these interactions. A critical problem is the determination of a force–distance relation for realistic AFM probes. Due to the inadequacies of existing power-law sphere–plane models...

In this paper the performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in simulating the inverse dynamic behavior of Magneto- Rheological (MR) dampers is investigated. MR dampers are one of the most applicable methods in semi active control of seismic response of structures. Various mathematical models are introduced to simulate the dynamic behavi...