Soil erosion is a complex phenomenon which combines the deterioration of their surface layers and the movement of the eroded materials that make it up. It is a constant issue for foresters, in particular in the management of new or restored forests. In metropolitan France, we spontaneously think about the restoration of mountain terrains (RTM), implemented from 1860 to stabilise degraded mounta...

Questions about how forests might respond to climate change are often addressed through planning, prediction, and modeling at the landscape scale. A recent synthesis of climate-change impacts on forest management and policy found that the earth is warmer than it has been in the recent past, and that 11 of the last 12 years rank among the 12 warmest since 1850 (Solomon et al. 2007). Projections ...

A numerical rat ing system to del ineate crown classes of southern hardwoods is described. The system is bused on four cri ter ia: (I) amount o f direct sunlightfrom above, (2) amount of direct sunlightfrom the s ides, (3) crown balance, and (4) relat ive crown size . The total point value assigned places the tree within one o f the,four crown classes . The rat ing system can be used to train i...