We explore the effect of transparency of fiscal institutions on the scale of government and gubernatorial popularity using a formal model of accountability. We construct an index of fiscal transparency for the American states from detailed budgetary information. With crosssection data for 1986-1995, we find that on average and controlling for other influential factors fiscal transparency increa...

Adopting an innovation systems approach, this paper addresses how institutions in supply markets (in the institutional economics sense of informal constraints and formal rules) influence the innovation process between firms. Within an innovation system, institutions may contain the ability not only to support but also to restrain the co-ordination of knowledge and skills in inter-organisational...

Institutions are systematic patterns of shared expectations, taken-for-granted assumptions, accepted norms and routines of interaction that have robust effects on shaping the motivations and behaviour of sets of interconnected social actors. In modern societies, they are usually embodied in authoritatively coordinated organizations with formal rules and the capacity to impose coercive sanctions...

A long tradition in economics explores the association between the quality of formal institutions and economic performance. The literature on the relationship between such institutions and happiness is, however, rather limited. In this paper, we revisit the findings from recent cross-country studies on the institutions-happiness association. Our findings suggest that the conclusions reached by ...

We explore the effect of transparency of fiscal institutions on the scale of government and gubernatorial popularity using a formal model of accountability. We construct an index of fiscal transparency for the American states from detailed budgetary information. With crosssection data for 1986-1995, we find that on average and controlling for other influential factors fiscal transparency increa...

The article presents the results of author's research on implementing main principles architectural formation non-formal education institutions (NFEI). A scheme their interconnection and implementation at three levels (environment, object element) has also been presented.
 formulation each principle necessary clarifications regarding operation both in field architecture related fields have...

There is a growing trend within secondary and post-secondary institutions to offer information technology (IT) certification programs as instructional vehicles to provide students with viable skills needed by the workforce, to satisfy state skill standards, and to prepare students for postsecondary IT studies. The use of IT certification programs in a formal education setting carries a number o...