Wood liquefaction was conducted using phenol as a reagent solvent with a weak acid catalyst in two different reactors: (Alma et al., 1995a.) an atmospheric glass reactor and (Alma et al., 1995b.) a sealed Parr reactor. Residues were characterized by wet chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FT-IR spectra of the liquefied wood residu...

In this study, phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin has been modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) at a varying ratio from 0.05 wt.% to 1.5 enhance the thermal properties and combustion performance of resins. The effect nano-TiO2 modification on (chemical or thermal) resins was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis (TGA) techniques. addition, laminated veneer lu...

Urea formaldehyde resins were formulated with vatiables of three reaction pHs (1.0, 4.8, and 8.0 5.0) and three catalysts (sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide/ammonium mix, and triethanolamine) . The resins were prepared by placing all formaldehyde and water in reaction kettle and pH was adjusted with sulfnric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. Urea was added in 1.5 equal parts at 1 minute...

A novel method for visual detection of formaldehyde with excellent selectivity via a gold(iii) complex-mediated three-component coupling reaction of resin-linked sterically bulky amines and fluorescent alkynes has been developed.

The aim of this study were to evaluate tannin resorcinol formaldehyde (TRF) for the preparation cross-laminated timbers (CLTs) made from fast-growing tree species and analyze physical mechanical properties CLTs. TRF copolymer resin was prepared by using bark extracts Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. It observed that adhesive possessed less solid content (23.59%), high viscosity (11.35 poise), pH v...