Authority is a central concept in social systems, but it has variety of meanings. Promise Theory offers simple formalized understanding authority, and its origins, as polarization within network collaborative interactions. This idealized approximation stands contrast to the usual deontic view authority socio-philosophical literature, unifies various interpretations with single idea. It's shown ...

PURPOSE Clinical practice guidelines often contain ambiguities, inconsistencies, and logical errors that hamper implementation of these guidelines in practice. As guideline formalization is useful to verify the logical structure, consistency, and completeness of guidelines, several authors have argued that the formalization of guidelines concurrent with their development may improve their quali...

This paper presents a formalization of Grassmann-Cayley algebra [6] that has been done in the Coq [2] proof assistant. The formalization is based on a data structure that represents elements of the algebra as complete binary trees. This allows to define the algebra products recursively. Using this formalization, published proofs of Pappus’ and Desargues’ theorem [7,1] are interactively derived....

Purpose Innovation partnerships are a popular model for organizing publicly supported innovation projects. However, partners often have different timelines and planning horizons, understanding of purpose concepts value. This hybridity poses organizational challenges pertaining to trust, goal setting, learning coordination, which may lead “mission drift,” i.e. compromising or displacement intend...

This article identifies problems with regard to providing criteria that regulate the matching of logical formulae and natural language. We then take on to solve these problems by defining a necessary and sufficient criterion of adequate formalization. On the basis of this criterion we argue that logic should not be seen as an ars iudicandi capable of evaluating the validity or invalidity of inf...

We continue Mizar formalization of General Topology according to the book [13] by Engelking. In the article the formalization of Section 1.1 is completed. Namely, the paper includes the formalization of theorems on correspondence of the basis and basis in a point, definitions of the character of a point and a topological space, a neighborhood system, and the weight of a topological space. The f...