Abstract One of the commonly used metal forming processes is deep drawing, in which circular blanks are converted into a cup or shell with good surface finish. In this paper, the forming characteristics of Deep Draw Steel (DDS), a low-carbon steel with many engineering and automotive applications, is investigated by deep drawing. The forming limit diagram is a useful concept in favor of charact...

Taking Al–Li–S4–T8 Al–Li alloy as the study object, based on the stretching and deforming characteristics of sheet metals, this paper proposes a new approach of critical orange peel state characterizations on the basis of the precise measurement of stretch-forming surface roughness and establishes the critical criterion for the occurrence of orange peel surface defects in the stretch-forming pr...

Forming limit curves (FLCs) are important to predict failure against biaxial deformation in sheet metal forming. Particularly crucial is the detection and evaluation of stable/instable transition which indicates necking ultimately leads rupture. In past, it has been observed that specific processes, particular free-form bending might not be predicted well by conventionally evaluated FLCs, i.e. ...

The conventional theoretical forming limit diagram (FLD) based on the plane stress state has defects due to neglect of in thickness direction sheet. It is urgent study FLD which considers direction. Through finite element simulation, it further confirmed that will be induced deformation process. At same time, effect not as always applied during Based Modified Maximum Force Criterion (MMFC) inst...