This review paper aims to provide an overview of vocabulary in English language learning, teaching, and testing Vietnam. First, we studies on the knowledge Vietnamese EFL learners. Recent research evaluating different aspects shows that learners generally have limited both single words formulaic language. Next, discuss contemporary approaches teaching Vietnam reveal current issues relevant reco...

BACKGROUND Gene Ontology (GO) terms represent the standard for annotation and representation of molecular functions, biological processes and cellular compartments, but a large gap exists between the way concepts are represented in the ontology and how they are expressed in natural language text. The construction of highly specific GO terms is formulaic, consisting of parts and pieces from more...

Natural conversations contain expressions that can be deciphered through their contextual use. These are often flexible, allowing them to function beyond literal meaning. Thus, pragmatics is functional in explaining significance speakers' utterances, mainly when expressing affirmation and disapproval. This study investigates the pragmatic functions of agreeing disagreeing formulaic Cebuano lang...

formulaic sequence (fs) is a general term often used to refer to various types of recurrent clusters. one particular type of fss common in different registers is lexical bundles (lbs). this study investigated whether lbs are stored and processed as a whole in the mind of language users and whether their functional discourse type has any effect on their processing. to serve these objectives, thr...

Abstract This pilot study investigates the formulaic phraseology most frequently used in highly political documents by examining a self-built bilingual parallel corpus of 43 speeches delivered United Nations Security Council (UNSC) meetings Chinese representatives. The also probes corpus-based approaches to explore and demonstrates method retrieve from UNSC corpus. Formulaic is often seen disco...

We explore the use of conditional random fields (CRFs) to automatically extract important metadata from clinical research articles. These metadata fields include formulaic metadata about the authors, extracted from the title page, as well as free text fields concerning the study’s critical parameters, such as longitudinal variables and medical intervention methods, extracted from the body text ...