To prevent the spread of highly contagious coronavirus, government regulates health protocol, such as limitation gathering, close school and changing education system from conventional to virtual started level elementary even college level. As one solutions learn media learning, use smartphones is increasingly significant. The longer duration using a smartphone will cause condition named Forwar...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poor sitting posture has been implicated in the development and perpetuation of neck pain symptoms. This study had 2 purposes: (1) to compare change in cervical and thoracic posture during a distracting task between subjects with chronic neck pain and control subjects and (2) to compare the effects of 2 different neck exercise regimens on the ability of people with neck p...

[Purpose] This study performed to investigate the effect of elastic band exercise program on the posture of subjects with rounded shoulder and forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] The body length, forward shoulder angle, craniovertebral angle, and cranial rotation angle of participants (n=12) were measured before and after the exercise program. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the pector...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thoracic stretching, a thoracic extension exercise and exercises for cervical and scapular posture on thoracic kyphosis angle and upper thoracic pain. [Subject] A 36-year-old male, who complained of upper thoracic pain at the T1-4 level with forward head and round shoulders, was the subject. [Methods] He performed thoracic str...

What is head stabilization in birds? When the body of a bird is held in the hand and rotated or moved in different directions the head often appears ‘locked in space’ or glued to the spot, and does not move with the rest of the body. To maintain this stable position the bird has, of course, to make complex compensatory movements of the neck. This can be seen clearly in chickens, pigeons, owls a...

  Background: Postural structure abnormalities have been highly prevalent among children in primary school children.The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the backpacks weight and method of carrying with postural structure disturbances in primary school children.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 472 primary school children in Karaj-Iran. ...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interferential current therapy on the shoulder muscles of subjects with forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty volunteers (15 forward head posture, 15 control) participated in this study. Interferential current therapy treatment was conducted for 10 min, three times per week, for 3 weeks on both the upper trapezius a...

STUDY DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study. OBJECTIVE To explore the working mechanism of manual therapy, we investigated whether 3 cervical spine variables were mediators of the effect of manual therapy on headache frequency. Background Manual therapy has been shown to reduce headache frequency in participants with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). To what extent specific elements of tr...