In the present study a new alcohol derivative of tetrahydrogeraniol (THG), an acyclic monoterpene, has been prepared by using Grignard reagent and methyl cyclopropyl ketone. Penetration enhancing effects of THG and the synthesized derivative 5,9-dimethyl-2-cyclopropyl-2-decanol (DICNOL) on the transdermal penetration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol HCl) across the ...

The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate a thermoreversible formulation containing rizatriptan benzoate for intranasal administration. Chitosan and aqueous β−glycerolphosphate were mixed in cold condition to obtain chitosan-β−glycerolphosphate mixtures, which served as the thermoreversible systems. Rizatriptan benzoate was incorporated at a fi nal strength of 25 mg/ml. B...

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Objectives: The objective of this study is to extract Phytochemical constituent from Cinnamon Bark and design develop the transdermal patch herbal drug along with modern medicine Glibenclamide using solvent casting method reduce dose required obtain same pharmacological effect, also toxicity drug. Methods: Transdermal patches were formulated by method. physical chemical similarity medication ba...

objective (s): transdermal preparations for testosterone are becoming popular because of their unique advantages such as avoidance of first-pass effect, convenience, improved bioavailability, and reduction of systemic side effects. a novel testosterone transdermal delivery system (tdds) was developed using a palm oil base called hamintm (a commercial product) and tested using in vitro and in vi...

OBJECTIVE To compare in vitro percutaneous absorption of methyl-parathion dissolved in an acetone vehicle and in the form of a commercial formulation. METHODS Penetration through the human skin was measured in Franz diffusion cells with full thickness skin from a human cadaver as the membrane. The two tailed non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the cumulative diffusion of me...

Objective-To compare in vitro percutaneous absorption ofmethyl-parathion dissolved in an acetone vehicle and in the form of a commercial formulation. Methods-Penetration through the human skin was measured in Franz diffusion cells with full thickness skin from a human cadaver as the membrane. The two tailed non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the cumulative diffusion of methy...

Three species of Stenichnaphes Franz were described from New Zealand: St. urbanus Franz (type species of the genus), St. peloriensis Franz and St. newtoni Franz, but the two former names were later synonymized. Basing on detailed morphological study, St. peloriensis is reinstated as a separate species, and St. newtoni is transferred to Scydmaenilla King, within Zeanilla subg. n., resulting in S...

Examination of the holotype of the type species of Stenichnodes Franz revealed that morphological structures of this Afrotropical genus are nearly identical with those of later described Oriental Parastenichnaphes Franz. Consequently, Parastenichnaphes is reduced to a subgenus of Stenichnodes, resulting in Stenichnodes (Parastenichnaphes) sumatrensis Franz, comb. n. and Stenichnodes (Parastenic...

Abstract: Minoxidil, a pyrimidine derivative (2, 4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide) is the only topical medical treatment with proven efficacy for the treatment of Androgenetic alopecia that shown low skin penetration and bioavailability. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of some permeation enhancers on the in vitro skin permeability of minoxidil . Minoxid...