We investigated Fraxinus excelsior breeding system using field data collected in a natural population and in a seed orchard. First, we attested functional trioecy (co-occurrence of males, hermaphrodites and females), with males producing pollen, hermaphrodites producing both pollen and seeds simultaneously, and females producing seeds. Second, we found that the reproductive system of F. excelsi...

Shu-Qun Liu1,2 Xing-Lai Ji1,2, Yan Tao1, De-Yong Tan3, Ke-Qin Zhang1 and Yun-Xin Fu1,4 1Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Southwest Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 2 Sino-Dutch Biomedial and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 3School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 4Human Genetics Center, Sch...

Increase in moisture content of seeds of Lactuca sativa L. and Fraxinus americana L. in air-dry storage caused a rapid decline in longevity and an increase in the rate of accumulation of chromosome aberrations. Storage of seeds fully imbibed but unable to germinate allowed a high germination capacity to be maintained for long periods, together with a very low incidence of chromosome aberrations...

In the past two decades, European ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) have been severely damaged due to ash dieback disease, which is caused by the fungal species Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea in the anamorphic stage). Recent molecular phylogenetic and population genetic studies have suggested that this fungus has been introduced from Asia to Europe. During a fungal survey in Korea, H. fraxin...

introduction environment is a very great and complexity collection which has been created by a process and evolution of live existences and composer elements of ground area, and so affect the human activities and is affected from that. industrialization and modernization has let lots of heavy elements to entire into the atmosphere. elements of the atmosphere will locate on the surface of soil a...

The iterative schemes with some control conditions for a family of finite nonexpansive mappings are established in a Banach space. The main theorem improves results of Jung and Kim (also Bauschke). Our results also improve the corresponding results of Cho et al., Shioji and Takahashi, Xu, and Zhou et al. in certain Banach spaces and of Lions, O’Hara et al., and Wittmann in a framework of a Hilb...