Simulation of free surface flow and sudden wave profile are recognized as the most challenging problem in computational hydraulics. Several Eulerian/Lagrangian approaches and models can be implemented for simulating such phenomena in which the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH) is categorized as a proper candidate. The incompressible SPH (ISPH) method hires a precise incompressible hy...

background: there are many genera of free-living amoeba in the environment, but members of only four genera ( naegleria , acanthamoeba , balamuthia and sappinia ) have an association with human infection. water, soil and air are main sources of infective types of these pathogenic organisms for human. methods: totally, 30 samples were collected from the surface water sources of shiraz city, the ...

Ground settlement is often the most serious concern when tunneling under an old city with numerous historic monuments. A successful engineering design under these conditions would require getting the most out of the ground strength parameters and avoiding any weakening maneuver throughout the operation. Knowing that surface settlement is highly affected by tunneling parameters in EPB shield tun...

concerns about nitrate pollution in groundwater and downstream systems cause development of surface water management system to reduce losses of agricultural drainage water nitrate in subsurface drainage using subsurface irrigation from existing drainage lines, drainage water during the growing season and out of season is controlled. the overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect...

Hydroelectric power plants’ open-type surge tanks may be built in mountains subject to the provision of atmospheric air. Hence, a ventilation tunnel is indispensable. The air flow in the ventilation tunnel is associated with the fluctuation of water-level in the surge tank. There is a great relationship between the wind speed and the safe use and project investment of ventilation tunnels. To ob...

The transfer of ammonia in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental characterization of mutations within the ammonia tunnel. In CPS, ammonia is derived from the hydrolysis of glutamine and this intermediate must travel approximately 45 A from the site of formation in the small subunit to the site of utilization in the large subunit...

Swelling of clay-sulfate rocks is a major threat in tunneling. It is triggered by the transformation of the sulfate mineral anhydrite into gypsum as a result of water inflow in anhydrite-containing layers after tunnel excavation. The present study investigates the hydraulic effects of tunneling on groundwater flow and analyzes how hydraulic changes caused by excavation lead to water inflow into...

With the large-scale construction and rapid development of underground engineering, a large number of underground engineering construction, such as tunnel and subway emerged. The geological structure of the tunnel is complex and the roc is fragmented. Tunnel seismic image is a new geophysical technique. This method has advantages such as high resolution, high reliability and obvious image chara...