Available online 19 February 2013

in this paper we try to give a description of the juridical status of religious minorities, muslim or otherwise, in the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. we also deal with the question of whether non-muslim minorities are free to perform their religious practices and the extent of their freedom.

the relation between literature and ethics in mikhail naima’s workssardar aslani *ali ahmadi *abstractthe literature insight of mikhail naima reveals human thoughts and all his necessitieswith a truthful expression. morality, however, is a collection of principles supervising thelife process and the man’s prosperity.there is a deep relation between literature and morality in naima works ori...

freedom is one of the greatest and highest human values and of necessities of life and evolution that all nations have wanted its realization. the word freedom dates back to human history and it has found criterion and rate through indicators such as truth-seeking, justice and human's existential growth and defines its own limits and is manifested in literature of different nations in vari...

We study bureaucratic corruption in a model in which a constituency sets required levels for a given set of activities. Each activity is carried out by an external provider, and its realization is supervised by a bureaucrat. Bureaucrats are supposed to act on behalf of the constituency, but they can allow providers to deliver lower activity levels than contracted in exchange for a bribe. Given ...

the main question of the freedom of belief in the intellectual system of ayatollah javadi refers to its pertaining structural logic in his thought. on the one hand, he tries to make sense of the essence of freedom with regard to the essentiality and gradation of existence. on the other hand, methodically trying to address the issue of freedom in a space different from that of completion, he int...

abstract production is a process by which a productive activity will require some conditions (before and after the start of the production). one of the most important pre-required factors for start up a production unit is suitable business environment. one of the most important factors that must be provided after the start of production -during the production process and the time to market and ...

Editorial Consolidating Strengths I remember receiving a wonderful message from Cambridge University Press around three years ago – an invitation to take over as Editor of Medical History. I accepted almost instantaneously, but remember being nervous about the task at hand. At least as nervous as I had been whilst walking into a cage containing around fifty teenaged lions and lionesses with a g...