The relationship of contracture and exudation of water in frozenthawed frog muscle was studied. With maximum shortening, there was a water loss of 35 per cent of the weight of muscle. By restricting the contraction, it was demonstrated that the amount of water loss was proportional to the degree of shortening, there being no significant loss with isometric contraction. Muscle already shortened ...

Lesions of the amygdala produce a pronounced and Michael S. Fanselow*‡ and Joseph E. LeDoux† *Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095 †Center for Neural Science often complete loss of a large number of Pavlovian conNew York University ditional fear responses, including freezing, potentiated New York, New York 1000...

Freeze-thaw events can affect plant hydraulics by inducing embolism. This study analyzed the effect of temperature during the freezing process on hydraulic conductivity and ultrasonic emissions (UE). Stems of 10 angiosperms were dehydrated to a water potential at 12% percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. The minimal temperature of the frost cycle cor...

AIM To describe the use of a new spatulated cryoprobe in treatment of conjunctival neoplasia. METHODS A new cryoprobe design was submitted to Mira, Inc resulting in new hand held probes capable of producing homogeneous freezing over large surface areas. The active surface of the small, medium, and large spatulated probes are 8.5 mm2, 25.2 mm2, and 70 mm2. End freezing reduces the possibility ...

*The 'thaw-expansion hypothesis' postulates that xylem embolism is caused by the formation of gas bubbles on freezing and their expansion on thawing. We evaluated the hypothesis using centrifuge experiments and ultrasonic emission monitoring in Pinus contorta. *Stem samples were exposed to freeze-thaw cycles at varying xylem pressure (P) in a centrifuge before the percentage loss of hydraulic c...

Lesions of the amygdala produce a pronounced and Michael S. Fanselow*‡ and Joseph E. LeDoux† *Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095 †Center for Neural Science often complete loss of a large number of Pavlovian conNew York University ditional fear responses, including freezing, potentiated New York, New York 1000...

Abiotic stress, such as high salt or low temperature, adversely affects plant growth and development. Salt stress inhibits seed germination, retards plant growth, and accelerates senescence. Freezing or drought stress can cause cell damage and plant death. The following parameters can be used to evaluate plant tolerance to salt, drought, or freezing stress: root elongation, fresh weight gain, s...

BACKGROUND Bevacizumab is an antiangiogenic compound developed to target tumour vessels. Its off-label use in ophthalmology requires in vitro testing on ocular cells. AIM To quantify the antipermeability and antiproliferative effects of bevacizumab on cultured choroidal endothelial cells (CECs). It was examined whether deep-freezing of bevacizumab attenuates its antiangiogenic activity. MET...