The beam hardening effect is one of the major artifacts of X-ray computed tomography. It not only complicates medical inspection and material analysis, but also influences the accuracy and repeatability of dimensional measurements. Therefore, many efforts have been devoted to develop beam hardening correction methods since the early 1970s. In practice, the combination of hardware filters (pre-f...

OBJECTIVE To compare frictional properties according to the amounts of vertical displacement (VD) and horizontal displacement (HD) of teeth and bracket types during the initial leveling/alignment stage. METHODS Combinations of self-ligating brackets (SLBs; two active type: In-Ovation-R and In-Ovation-C; four passive type: Damon-3Mx, Damon-Q, SmartClip-SL3, and Clarity-SL) and 0.014-inch nicke...

Using molecular dynamics simulations of a generic model, we observe strain hardening in highly cross-linked polymer glasses under tensile deformation. We show that formation of microvoids, without bond breaking, constitutes the microscopic origins of strain hardening. A well-defined functional form is observed for the void size distribution that is consistent with voids in dense equilibrium Len...

The problem due to the statically indeterminate contact forces arising in indeterminate frictional enveloping grasps is addressed in the paper. First of all, we show that the statical model for the contact forces is incomplete in the sense that the mathematical frictional forces may have an infeasible component. To resolve this infeasibility, we directly derive the enveloping grasp infeasibilit...

When contacting elastic systems are subjected to periodic loading, frictional slip occurs resulting in energy dissipation. Here we investigate the effect of the relative phase of harmonically varying tangential and normal loads on the frictional dissipation in a very simple uncoupled frictional system. We demonstrate that this effect is substantial when the system experiences periods of separat...

In this work we introduce a cost-aware methodology for selective hardening of combinational logic cells, which provides a list of the most effective candidates for hardening. Two heuristics are proposed in order to define when selective hardening becomes unfeasible. The methodology and the heuristics are applied to a set of benchmark circuits using costs extracted from an actual standard cell l...

This document presents TLS and how to make it secure enough as of 2014 Spring. Of course all the information given here will rot with time. Protocols known as secure will be cracked and will be replaced with better versions. Fortunately we will see that there are ways to assess the current security of your setup, but this explains why you may have to read further from this document to get the u...

The goal of this research is to study the anisotropic material behavior during forming processes, represented by both complex yield loci and kinematic-isotropic hardening models. A first part of this paper describes the main concepts of the ‘Stress-strain interpolation’ model that has been implemented in the non-linear finite element code Lagamine. This model consists of a local description of ...

In this first of two articles on the modeling of tablet compaction, the experimental inputs related to the constitutive model of the powder and the powder/tooling friction are determined. The continuum-based analysis of tableting makes use of an elasto-plastic model, which incorporates the elements of yield, plastic flow potential, and hardening, to describe the mechanical behavior of microcrys...

Time-dependent increase of frictional strength, or frictional aging, is a widely observed phenomenon both at macro and nanoscales. The frictional aging at the nanoscale may result from nucleation of capillary bridges and strengthening of chemical bonding, and it imposes serious constraints and limitations on the performance and lifetime of micro- and nanomachines. Here, by analytical model and ...