let $g=(v, e)$ be a graph. by emph{directional labeling (ord-labeling)} of an edge $x=uv$ of $g$ by an ordered $n$-tuple$(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$, we mean a labeling of the edge $x$ such thatwe consider the label on $uv$ as $(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$ in thedirection from $u$ to $v$, and the label on $x$ as$(a_{n},a_{n-1},...,a_1)$ in the direction from $v$ to $u$. inthis paper, we study graphs, called emph{...

Environmental awareness is a must for everyone because environmental conditions will affect human life in the present and future. The purpose of this study was to determine effect eco-label on green purchases through mediating role product attributes awareness. This research quantitative study. data analysis technique used SEM-PLS SmartPLS 3.2.9 software with model measurements hypothesis testi...

Globally, organic food production and consumption have significantly increased in the last two decades, driven largely by perceived positive impacts on consumer health, environment, sustainable development. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing consumers’ attitudes towards context a transition/emerging economy. is based structured survey targeting 300 urban consumers Koso...

‎a $(p‎,‎q)$ graph $g$ is said to have a $k$-odd mean‎ ‎labeling $(k ge 1)$ if there exists an injection $f‎ : ‎v‎ ‎to {0‎, ‎1‎, ‎2‎, ‎ldots‎, ‎2k‎ + ‎2q‎ - ‎3}$ such that the‎ ‎induced map $f^*$ defined on $e$ by $f^*(uv) =‎ ‎leftlceil frac{f(u)+f(v)}{2}rightrceil$ is a‎ ‎bijection from $e$ to ${2k - ‎‎‎1‎, ‎2k‎ + ‎1‎, ‎2k‎ + ‎3‎, ‎ldots‎, ‎2‎ ‎k‎ + ‎2q‎ - ‎3}$‎. ‎a graph that admits $k$...

Concurrently with the recent, rapid adoption of 3D printing technologies, online sharing of 3D-printable designs is growing equally rapidly, even though it has received far less attention. We study remix relationships on Thingiverse, the dominant online repository and social network for 3D printing. We collected data of designs published over ve years, and we nd that remix ties exhibit both hom...

Knowledge has proven to be a useful and fundamental formalism for reasoning about distributed systems. The application of this formalism, however, entails a loss of volition on the part of processes about which something is known. This loss of volition is often not appropriate in loosely coupled distributed systems. In this paper, we generalize the formal characterization of knowledge into one ...

In this article the reasons for an argument to be chosen as sentence topic are discussed. I argue that a topic expression can be prototypical or not, depending on how its thematic/semantic properties reflect humans’ preference to talk about certain things and not others. Although subjects are mostly prototypical topics, I show that a non-subject topic is prototypical with predicates that select...

The term “actors” in industrial relations gained currency in John Dunlop’s Industrial Relations Systems (1958). He proposed that three parties—employers, labor unions, and government-are the key actors in a modern industrial relations system. He also argued that none of these institutions could act in an autonomous or independent fashion. Instead they were shaped, at least to some extent, by th...

The concept of a consideration set has become a central concept in the study of consumer behavior. This paper shows that the common practice of estimating models using only the set of alternatives deemed to be in the set considered by a consumer will usually result in estimated parameters that are biased due to a sample selection effect. This effect is generic to many consideration set models a...