Oceanic pH is projected to decrease by up to 0.5 units by 2100 (a process known as ocean acidification, OA), reducing the calcium carbonate saturation state of the oceans. The coastal ocean is expected to experience periods of even lower carbonate saturation state because of the inherent natural variability of coastal habitats. Thus, in order to accurately project the impact of OA on the coasta...

Context Although increases in macroalgal cover on coral reefs are often reported alongside declines coral, the composition of algal assemblages and their spatial dynamics not commonly investigated. Aims To quantify changes assemblage over two environmental gradients, depth distance from shore, within a nearshore reef system Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, where has declined. Methods Benthic was qu...

Abstract Breaking wave effect on Wave Energy Converter (WEC) represents an important issue of site selection analysis especially fringing reefs area. To learn a more acceptable sense the influence this effect, introspection estimate initial breaker points is proposed in present study. The paper describes investigation impact assessment wave-breaking criteria subjected to WEC recently desired as...

Recent reports indicate that populations of the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum are slowly coming back in several localities in the Caribbean after 15 years of absence. In La Parguera, Puerto Rico, urchins were totally absent from reef localities until 1996, when isolated, medium size individuals were observed in shallow reef habitats. To assess the status (distribution, densities and size ...