T he accidents which occur from lightning are generally so instantaneously fatal, that no room is afforded for medical treatment; and few cases I believe are on record, where there is any detail of the appearances in the dead bodies of those who have suffered. In this slight notice of the following cases, which occurred during one thunder-storm, I am sorry I cannot do any thing to supply the la...

279 Intensive electric shock therapy, i.e., therapy given daily or oftener, has become a validated procedure in the management of acute excitement states( 1-3). This type of treatment has been advocated for curative purposes in both neurotic(4) and psychotic (5, 6) illnesses. It has also been used in the management of chronic psychotic patients (7, 8). This report deals with the use of intensiv...

We investigated the influence of the protein synthesis blocker anisomycin on contextual memory in the terrestrial snail Helix. Prior to the training session, the behavioral responses in two contexts were similar. Two days after a session of electric shocks (5 d) in one context only, the context conditioning was observed as the significant difference of behavioral response amplitudes in two cont...

The fast-start (acceleration) performance of seven groups of rainbow trout from 9-6 to 38-7 cm total length was measured in response to d.c. electric shock stimuli. Two fast-start kinematic patterns, L- and S-start were observed. In L-starts the body was bent into an L or U shape and a recoil turn normally accompanied acceleration. Free manoeuvre was not possible in L-starts without loss of spe...

Prior to slaughter, most farmed birds move through a constant-voltage, multiple-bird, electrical water-bath stun system. Using this system subjects live birds to stressful and painful shackling, and the potential exists for them to receive prestun electric shocks and induction of seizures while still conscious. The existing electrical water-bath stunner settings, particularly those used in U.S....

We recorded single hippocampal cells while rats performed a jump avoidance task. In this task, a rat was dropped onto the metal floor of a 33 cm gray wooden cube and was given a mild electric shock if it did not jump up onto the box rim in <15 s. We found that many hippocampal pyramidal cells and most interneurons discharged preferentially at the drop, the jump, or on both events. By simultaneo...

Social groups are organized along dominance hierarchies, which determine how we respond to threats posed by dominant and subordinate others. The persuasive impact of these dominance threats on mental and physical well-being has been well described but it is unknown how dominance rank of others bias our experience and learning in the first place. We introduce a model of conditioned social domina...

Motor activity was evaluated before and after a brief electric shock. Whereas small genetic differences in activity were apparent prior to shock, large group differences occurred following shock. C57 mice did not freeze following a shock; DBA mice showed prolonged freezing; and the F1 hybrids froze only briefly. Backcross groups revealed segregation for postshock activity. Adrenal lipid depleti...

Stress broadly affects the ability to regulate emotions and may contribute to generalization of threat-related behaviors to harmless stimuli. Behavioral generalization also tends to increase over time as memory precision for recent events gives way to more gist-like representations. Thus, acute stress coupled with a delay in time from a negative experience may be a strong predictor of the trans...

This study comparatively examines the relative effectiveness and frequency of use of modern and conventional training methods, as much rhetoric has surrounded the use of techniques like distance learning and computerbased training methods. The responses from 200 employees suggest that no significant difference exists with respect to frequency of use, but a significant difference exists in terms...