This study develops a hybrid numerical scheme based on a molecular dynamics (MD) algorithm and the GROMACS protein data bank to analyze the thermal bio-flow of alanine molecules in a microchannel. The numerical results show that the velocity profiles in the microchannel are highly dependent on both global effects, i.e. the effective channel width and local effects, i.e. the thermal boundary con...

Scurvy, caused by lack of vitamin C, was a major problem for polar explorers. It may have contributed to the general ill-health of the members of Scott's polar party in 1912 but their deaths are more likely to have been caused by a combination of frostbite, malnutrition and hypothermia. Some have argued that Oates's war wound in particular suffered dehiscence caused by a lack of vitamin C, but ...

It is the position of the American College of Sports Medicine that exercise can be performed safely in most cold-weather environments without incurring cold-weather injuries. The key to prevention is use of a comprehensive risk management strategy that: a) identifies/assesses the cold hazard; b) identifies/ assesses contributing factors for cold-weather injuries; c) develops controls to mitigat...

1. You are in the middle of a three month deployment to Norway, undergoing Arctic training with your unit. While on a 3-day exercise, a 24-year-old corporal presents to you with numb index and middle fingers on his right hand, having been fiddling for over twenty minutes with a frozen ski binding. His index and middle fingers look waxy over the area of the finger pulp and although feel hard sup...